Kahanec, Martin2013-05-282013-05-282013-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13566This study evaluates European Union (EU) experience of the mobility of skilled labor migrants after the 2004 and 2007 EU enlargements and from the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) countries. The study concludes that migration generally improves the allocated efficiency of labor markets and there is little if any evidence of statistically significant or economically relevant negative aggregate effects of migration on receiving labor markets. While outflow of young and skilled workers may pose risks to sending countries' economic prospects and public finance, circular migration, brain gain, and remittances attenuate such risks, and have the potential to become powerful engines of convergence. Obstructive legislation and ill-designed migration policies impede migration and deprive sending and receiving of such potential benefits.CC BY 3.0 IGOADJUSTMENT COSTSALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCYANXIETYBENEFITS OF MIGRATIONBRAIN DRAINCITIZENSCITIZENSHIPCONTRACTUAL RELATIONSCOUNTRIES OF ORIGINCOUNTRY OF ORIGINCRIMEDISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATORY PRACTICESDISSEMINATIONDRIVERSEARNINGECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC SHOCKSECONOMIC SLOWDOWNEDUCATED MIGRANTSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL LEVELSEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEFFICIENCY OF LABOREMIGRANTSEMPLOYMENT EFFECTSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT PROBABILITYFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY TIESFERTILITYFERTILITY RATESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFORMAL EDUCATIONFREE TRADEGENDER BIASGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH POLICIESHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH-CARE SERVICESHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATESHOST COUNTRIESHOST COUNTRYHOST POPULATIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN HEALTHHUMAN RESOURCESILLEGAL MIGRANTSIMMIGRANTIMMIGRANTSIMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATION POLICYIMPORTANT POLICYINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINTERNAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL STUDENTSINTERNATIONALIZATIONIRREGULAR MIGRATIONJOB CREATIONJOBSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENTLABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONSLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKET REGULATIONLABOR MARKET SEGMENTATIONLABOR MARKETSLABOR MIGRANTSLABOR MIGRATIONLABOR MOBILITYLABOR PROGRAMSLABOR SHORTAGESLABOURLABOUR FORCELABOUR STUDIESLACK OF INFORMATIONLARGE FAMILIESLARGE POPULATIONLAWSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLONG-RUN EFFECTSMANPOWERMEDICAL STAFFMIDWIVESMIGRANT POPULATIONSMIGRANT WORKERSMIGRATIONMIGRATION BETWEEN COUNTRIESMIGRATION FLOWSMIGRATION PATTERNSMIGRATION POLICIESMIGRATION POLICYMIGRATIONSMINIMUM WAGEMINIMUM WAGESMOVEMENT OF PEOPLENATIONAL BORDERSNATIONALSNURSESOCCUPATIONSOFFICIAL LANGUAGEOLDER PEOPLEPALESTINIAN TERRITORYPATIENTSPENSIONSPHARMACISTSPHYSIOTHERAPISTSPLACE OF RESIDENCEPOLICY-MAKING PROCESSPOTENTIAL MIGRANTSPRESENT VALUEPRESENTS UNEMPLOYMENTPRIMARY OBJECTIVEPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPROVISION OF INFORMATIONPUBLIC POLICYPULL FACTORSPUSH FACTORSQUALITY ASSURANCEQUALITY OF EDUCATIONRECENT IMMIGRANTSRECREATIONREMITTANCESRESPECTRETAIL TRADERETURN MIGRATIONSKILL LEVELSKILLED LABORSKILLED MIGRANTSSKILLED OCCUPATIONSSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL NETWORKSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL WORKSPOUSESPOUSESTELEVISIONTEMPORARY MIGRANTSTERTIARY EDUCATIONTRADE UNIONSTRAINING REQUIREMENTSTRANSPORTATIONTREATYUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESVISASVOCATIONAL TRAININGWAGE BARGAININGWAGE RIGIDITIESWARWASTEWORK ACTIVITIESWORKERWORKFORCEWORKING CONDITIONSWORKING-AGE POPULATIONXENOPHOBIAWorld Bank10.1596/13566