World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192010-01-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2921Ethiopia in the decade up to 2005 has been characterized by robust growth rates of the urban economy, where a still limited share of the population lives. The urban economy has been estimated to contribute at least half of gross domestic product (GDP) (53 percent in 2002/03) and to explain a significant part of its growth. Only an estimated 12.6 percent of the poor live in urban areas and the overwhelming concentration of poverty in rural areas seem unlikely to be reversed in the medium term. Sustained growth, to be shared among a relatively small part of the population, could have been expected to reduce poverty significantly in urban areas, but this has not been the case. While poverty incidence remains lower in urban than in rural areas, rural areas have made significant progress and the rural-urban gap in poverty incidence is decreasing.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO SERVICESAGRARIAN ECONOMYAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAVERAGE INCOMEBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBIG CITYCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCHANGES IN POVERTYCHILD HEALTHCITY SIZECONCENTRATION OF POVERTYCONSTRUCTION WORKCONSUMPTION GROWTHCONSUMPTION PER CAPITACOUNTERFACTUALCOVARIATE SHOCKSCREDIT CONSTRAINTSDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGEDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESDEVELOPING WORLDDEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT REPORTDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONDISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTSDIVERSIFICATIONDROUGHTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC SHOCKSECONOMICSEDUCATION DISPARITIESEDUCATIONAL INDICATORSEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEXTERNAL SHOCKSEXTREME POVERTYFERTILITYFOOD AIDFOOD SHORTAGEGINI COEFFICIENTGINI INDEXGLOBAL POVERTYGROWTH MODELGROWTH PATTERNGROWTH RATESHEADCOUNT POVERTYHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH PROBLEMSHIGH GROWTHHIGH INEQUALITYHOUSEHOLD COMPOSITIONHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSINGHOUSING DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSILLNESSIMPORTANT POLICYINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GENERATIONINCOME GROUPSINCOME LEVELSINCREASED INVESTMENTINDUSTRIALIZATIONINEQUALITYINEQUALITY CONSTANTINEQUALITY LEVELSINEQUALITY MEASURESINFORMAL ECONOMYINSECURITY OF TENUREINSURANCEINTERNAL MIGRANTSINTERNAL MIGRATIONINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONJOB CREATIONLABOUR FORCELABOUR MARKETLABOUR MARKETSLAND TITLINGLARGE CITIESLARGER CITIESLEVELS OF CONSUMPTIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIVESTOCK ASSETSLIVING CONDITIONSLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL POPULATIONLOW INEQUALITYMALNUTRITIONMARKET ECONOMYMEASURING POVERTYMEDICAL CAREMEDIUM TERMMIGRANTMIGRANTSMIGRATION FLOWSNATURAL DISASTERSNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIESNUMBER OF ADULTSNUMBER OF PEOPLEON URBAN POVERTYPACE OF URBANIZATIONPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPERSISTENT POVERTYPOINT ESTIMATEPOLICY DISCUSSIONPOLICY REFORMSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOORPOOR PEOPLEPOOR POPULATIONPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION DIVISIONPOPULATION GROUPPOVERTY ESTIMATESPOVERTY GAPPOVERTY GAP INDEXPOVERTY IMPACTPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY INDICESPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINE EQUIVALENTPOVERTY PROFILEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION EFFORTSPOVERTY SEVERITYPOVERTY UPDATEPRIMARY SCHOOLPRO-POORPRO-POOR GROWTHPROGRESSPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICESPULL FACTORSQUALITY OF EDUCATIONRAPID GROWTHRECREATIONREDUCING POVERTYRISING INEQUALITYRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DWELLERSRURAL ECONOMYRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL POORRURAL POVERTYRURAL WAGESSAFETY NETSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAFETY NETSSAVINGSSCHOOLINGSECONDARY ENROLLMENTSECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATESSELF-EMPLOYMENTSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE PROVISIONSIGNIFICANT IMPACTSKILLED WORKERSSMALLER CITIESSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONSPATIAL INEQUALITIESSPOUSESPOUSESSTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONTARGETINGTARGETING MECHANISMSTERTIARY EDUCATIONTRANSIENT POORUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATIONURBAN AREASURBAN CENTREURBAN CONTEXTURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN ECONOMYURBAN ENVIRONMENTSURBAN GROWTHURBAN INEQUALITYURBAN LABOURURBAN LABOUR MARKETSURBAN POORURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POPULATIONSURBAN POVERTYURBAN POVERTY REDUCTIONVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY TO POVERTYWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWAGE EMPLOYMENTWATER SOURCESWELFARE INDICATORWITHIN CITIESYOUNG CHILDRENWorld Bank10.1596/2921