Dick, MaliseCarruthers, RobinSaurkar, Anuja2014-03-262014-03-262005-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17408The analysis reported here was prompted by a realization that there was little reliable and consistent information on what proportion of household income is spent on urban public transport. The information available uses inconsistent definitions of what costs are included and how income is measured, making comparisons between cities difficult. The authors report here on about a dozen studies that have addressed the issue of affordability. Though different measures are used in different countries, making it difficult to compare the results between cities, from the studies in South America, South Asia, Eastern and Western Europe, Africa, East Asia and Australasia summarized here, the authors make clear that the affordability of urban transport is considered an issue of importance throughout the developing world. There is also evidence that the high cost of urban transport is having a negative impact on the lives of the urban poor - either through restricting their access to jobs that are within feasible walking or cycling distance, by consuming an unsustainable proportion of their income, or by dramatically curtailing the number of journeys that they make. The problem is possibly most grave in Africa, the continent for which there is the least documentation. To address the need for easily available and comprehensive comparative information on affordability of public transport fares, the authors developed an Affordability Index to be used as a first indication of the affordability of fares in a particular city. The second half of this report describes the construction of this Affordability Index and then describes the results from applying this Index to 27 cities.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO JOBSACCESSIBILITY INDEXAFFORDABILITY INDEXAFFORDABILITY OF FARESAIR CONDITIONED BUSESAIR POLLUTIONAVERAGE BUS FAREAVERAGE DAILY EXPENDITURE ON BUS TRAVELAVERAGE EXPENDITURE ON TRAVELAVERAGE FARESBOTTLENECKSBUSBUS INDUSTRYBUS OPERATIONSBUS PASS SCHEMESBUS PASSENGERSBUS SERVICESBUS STATIONSBUS STOPBUS SYSTEMSBUSESCAR OWNERSHIPCITY SIZECOMMUTINGCONCESSIONSCONGESTIONCONGESTION PRICINGCOST PER TRIPCYCLE TRIPSCYCLINGDAILY RETURN TRIP ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTDISPOSABLE INCOMEDRIVERSDRIVINGDRIVING STYLEEAST EUROPEANEMPLOYMENTEXCLUSIVE RIGHTSEXPENDITURE ON TRAVELEXTERNALITIESFARE EVASIONFARE LEVELSFARE REGULATIONSFARE SYSTEMSFIXED FARE SYSTEMFREIGHT RAILWAYSFUELHIGH WALKING PERCENTAGEHOUSEHOLD MOBILITYHOUSEHOLD TRAVELHOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYHOUSINGINCOME DISTRIBUTIONJOURNEYJOURNEY LENGTHJOURNEY TO WORKLABOR MOBILITYLAND SPECULATIONLOCAL GOVERNMENTLONG DISTANCESLOW FARESLOW INCOME PASSENGERSLOW INCOMESLOW MOBILITYLOW-INCOME POPULATIONSLOWER INCOME GROUPMASS MOBILITYMINIBUSESMODAL SHAREMODES OF TRANSPORTMOTOR CYCLEMOTOR TAXIMOTORWAYSMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSNOT MUCH MOREPASSENGER SUBSIDYPASSENGERS MILLIONPERIPHERAL AREAPERSONAL SECURITY ON BUSESPREFERENTIAL PASSESPREFERENTIAL PASSES BETWEEN INCOME GROUPSPRIVATE OPERATORSPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITYPUBLIC TRANSPORT ENTERPRISEPUBLIC TRANSPORT ENVIRONMENTPUBLIC TRANSPORT FARESPUBLIC TRANSPORT IN CITIESPUBLIC TRANSPORT PRICESPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMPUBLIC TRANSPORT TRAVELPUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLESPUBLIC UTILITIESROAD SPACEROAD USEROUTESSHARINGSOCIAL SERVICESSOUTH AMERICASTRUCTURESTOTAL TRIPSTRAFFICTRAFFIC ARTERYTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SCHEMESTRAINSTRANSIT FARESTRANSPORTTRANSPORT OPERATORSTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTATIONTRAVEL TO WORKTRIP DISTANCETRIPS BY PUBLICTRIPS PER MONTHTUNNELSUNDERGROUND RAILWAYURBAN BUSURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN GROWTHURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN PASSENGERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTURBAN PLANNERSURBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORT PROJECTURBAN TRANSPORT SECTORURBAN TRANSPORT SECTOR REVIEWURBAN TRANSPORT SERVICESURBAN TRANSPORT STRATEGIESURBAN TRANSPORT STRATEGYURBAN TRAVELVEHICLE OWNERSHIPVIADUCTSWALK TRIPSWALKINGWALKING DISTANCEWORK PATTERNSWORK TRAVELWORK TRIPWORK TRIPSWORKING POOR10.1596/17408