World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192011-09-14978-0-8213-8837-2https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2354The purpose of the current flagship report is to address energy access and related developmental issues in East Asia Pacific (EAP) that so far have received less attention compared to the macro energy issues of climate change and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. EAP countries have two steep paths to climb to achieve universal access to modern energy: electricity and modern cooking solutions. Approximately 170 million people, or 34 million households, in EAP countries do not have electricity connections in their homes. This number is equivalent to approximately 9 percent of the Region's total population, and 30 percent of the Region's population excluding China. Moreover, approximately 6 times that number, or over 1 billion people, still lack access to modern cooking solutions. In addition, EAP is exceeded by only Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia in the number of people who lack access to electricity. However, access to both electricity and modern cooking solutions is essential to address the enduring impacts of poverty and to move the poor onto a rising development trajectory. The link between access to modern energy and development is most clearly defined by the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The MDGs were formulated to reduce global poverty while increasing education, empowering women, and improving child and maternal health. Although there is no direct reference to energy in the MDGs, the need for access to energy, particularly modern energy, to improve overall welfare is well recognized by the development community.CC BY 3.0 IGOENERGY ACCESSMODERN ENERGYELECTRICITYENVIRONMENTMODERN COOKING SOLUTIONSUNIVERSAL ACCESSHEALTHRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONGENDERINDOOR AIR POLLUTIONCLEAN COOKINGADVANCED COOKING STOVESENERGY ACCESSMODERN ENERGYELECTRICITYENVIRONMENTMODERN COOKING SOLUTIONSUNIVERSAL ACCESSHEALTHRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONGENDERINDOOR AIR POLLUTIONCLEAN COOKINGADVANCED COOKING STOVESACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO ENERGYACCESS TO GRIDACCESS TO GRID ELECTRICITYACCESS TO MODERN ENERGYACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESSESAGRICULTURAL RESIDUESAGRICULTURAL WASTEAIR POLLUTIONALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAMAMOUNT OF POWERANIMAL DUNGBATTERIESBATTERY STORAGEBIOGAS SYSTEMSBIOMASS ENERGY USEBIOMASS FUELSBIOMASS GASIFIERBIOMASS STOVEBURNING STOVESCAPACITY OF HOUSEHOLDSCARBON FINANCINGCARBON FUNDINGCARBON MONOXIDECHARCOALCLEAN DEVELOPMENTCLEAN FUELSCLEANER BURNINGCLIMATECOCOALCOMBUSTION OF BIOMASSCONVENTIONAL DIESELCOOKING FUELSCOOKING STOVESCOST RECOVERYCOSTS OF ELECTRICITYDEFORESTATIONDIESEL ENGINESDIESEL FUELDIESEL SYSTEMSDIRECT COMBUSTIONDIRECT COMBUSTION OF BIOMASSDRY CELLDRY CELL BATTERIESECONOMIC GROWTHEDCELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRYELECTRICITYELECTRICITY ACCESSELECTRICITY COMPANYELECTRICITY CONNECTIONSELECTRICITY GRIDELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY TARIFFSELECTRICITY USEELECTRIFICATIONEMISSIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONENERGY ACCESSENERGY COMPANYENERGY POVERTYENERGY RESOURCESENERGY SECTORENERGY SERVICEENERGY SERVICE COMPANYENERGY SOURCESENERGY SYSTEMSENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYESCOFORESTFOREST INVESTMENTFORMS OF ENERGYFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL USEGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATORSGHGGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGREENHOUSE GASGRID AREASGRID CONNECTIONSGRID ELECTRICITYGRID ELECTRICITY SERVICEGRID EXPANSIONGRID EXTENSIONGRID EXTENSIONSGRID OPTIONSGRID POWERGRID RELIABILITYGRID SOLUTIONSGRID SOURCESGRID SYSTEMSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHAND TOOLSHIGH VOLTAGEHOUSEHOLD ENERGYHOUSEHOLD LIGHTINGHYBRID SYSTEMSHYDROPOWERINCOMEINDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERINDOOR AIR POLLUTIONINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYKEROSENEKEROSENE REFRIGERATORSKILOWATT HOURKILOWATT HOURSLIFELINE TARIFFSLPGMINERAL RESOURCESMODERN FUELSMOMENTUMNATIONAL GRIDNATIONAL POWER CORPORATIONNATURAL GASNEW ELECTRICITY CONNECTIONOILOPERATING COSTSPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPARTICULATESPEAK DEMANDPETROLEUM GASPOLLUTION LEVELSPOWER CORPORATIONPOWER PRODUCERPOWER PURCHASEPOWER SECTORPOWER SHORTAGESPOWER UTILITIESPUMPSRENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATIONRENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONSRENEWABLE ENERGY POLICYRENEWABLE ENERGY SERVICERENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE SOURCESRESERVOIRSRURAL AREASRURAL CONSUMERSRURAL ELECTRICITYRURAL ENERGYRURAL POPULATIONSSAFETYSANITATIONSMALL POWERSMALL-SCALE BIOMASSSMOKESMOKE POLLUTIONSODIUMSOLAR HOME SYSTEMSOLAR HOME SYSTEMSSOLAR SYSTEMSSOLID FUELSOLID FUELSSULFURSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTARGETED SUBSIDIESTRADITIONAL BIOMASSTRADITIONAL FUELSTRANSPORTUNEPURBAN AREASUTILITIESVOLTAGEWATER PUMPINGWHOLESALE ELECTRICITYWHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKETWIND SYSTEMSWIND TURBINEWIND TURBINE SYSTEMWINDSWOODWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8837-2