World Bank2017-05-242017-05-242012https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26739Mitigating climate change while addressing development needs will involve a massive scale-up of investments in Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Efficiency (EE). Most of these climate investments will come from the private sector, which will be the main driver of low-carbon growth in both developing and developed countries, provided that countries have the right investment climate for climate investment. The enabling environment for climate investment in each country depends on a variety of factors. These include macroeconomic determinants such as a functioning bureaucracy and banking system; as well as a narrower set of policy determinants such as renewable energy targets, mandatory standards, preferential power tariffs, waiver of import duties, and other fiscal incentives. While the exact mix of policies, regulations and incentives will depend on country-specific circumstances, the fact that they exist sends the right signal to climate investors, by providing them with legal certainty and lowering their costs and risks. Policies, regulations and incentives also help to level the playing field for climate investors in the face of market realities that tend to favor the continued use of carbon intense energy sources, such as support for fossil fuels and the high costs of renewable energy technologies.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYAIRALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTALTERNATIVE FORMS OF ENERGYAPPLIANCE STANDARDSAPPROACHAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGYAQUIFERSAVAILABILITYBALANCEBIOMASSBIOMASS ­ GASIFICATIONCAPACITY UTILIZATIONCAPITAL COSTCAPITAL COSTSCARBONCARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON EMISSIONSCARBON FOOTPRINTCARBON TECHNOLOGIESCARBON TRADINGCERTAIN EXTENTCHEAPER ALTERNATIVECLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN ELECTRICITYCLEAN ENERGYCLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN TECHNOLOGYCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGYCLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENTCLIMATE VARIABILITYCLIMATE-CHANGECLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATESCLIMATIC ZONESCLOUD COVERCOCO2COALCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMPARATIVE ANALYSISCOMPLIANCE COSTSCONDITIONERSCONSTRUCTION COSTCONVENTIONAL ENERGYDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXTDIFFUSIONDISCOUNT RATESDISTRIBUTION GRIDDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITYECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC FACTORSECONOMIC GROWTHEFFICIENT LIGHTINGELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC SUPPLYELECTRIC UTILITIESELECTRIC VEHICLESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTIONELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SUPPLYEMISSIONEMISSION TARGETSEMISSIONS TARGETSEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPLOYMENTENERGY AUDITENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMERSENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY COSTSENERGY DEVELOPMENTENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDSENERGY INTENSITYENERGY MARKETENERGY PERFORMANCEENERGY POLICIESENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SECURITYENERGY SOURCESENERGY SUPPLYENERGY TAXESENERGY USAGEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONENVIRONMENTSEXCHANGE RATEFEEDSTOCKFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SUPPORTFOREIGN EXCHANGEFORESTRYFORESTSFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL IMPORTSFOSSIL FUEL USEFOSSIL FUELSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFUEL COSTSGASGAS TURBINEGENERATIONGHGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESGRID EXTENSIONGRID POWERHEATHEAT RECOVERYHIGHER ENERGY PRICESHYDRO POWERHYDROPOWERINCOMEINDUSTRIAL WASTEINSOLATIONINSURANCEIRRADIATIONLOW-CARBONMARKET FOR ENERGYMARKET PRICESMINERAL RESOURCESNATURAL GASNUCLEAR ENERGYOFFSHORE WINDOILONSHORE WINDOPPORTUNITY COSTSPEAK LOADSPENALTIESPERFORMANCE STANDARDPERFORMANCE STANDARDSPOLICY ENVIRONMENTPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLICY MAKERSPORTFOLIOPOSITIVE EXTERNALITIESPOWERPOWER GENERATIONPOWER INVESTMENTSPOWER PLANTPOWER PRODUCERPOWER PRODUCERSPOWER PROJECTPOWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTSPOWER SECTORPOWER SECTORSPOWER SOURCESPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC UTILITIESRAW MATERIALRAW MATERIALSREAL ESTATEREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATIONRENEWABLE ENERGY POLICYRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTSRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCERENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMSRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGYRENEWABLE ENERGY USERENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDSRENEWABLE POWERRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONSILICONSMALL HYDROPOWERSMALLER TURBINESSOLAR ENERGYSOLAR POWERSOLAR SYSTEMSSOLAR THERMALSOURCE OF ENERGYSUNSHINESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTAX INCENTIVESTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER CAPACITYTOTAL COSTTOTAL COSTSUNEPVALUE OF ENERGYVOLTAGEWINDWIND POWERWIND POWER GENERATIONWIND POWER PLANTSWIND SECTORWIND SPEEDWIND SPEEDSWIND TURBINESWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/26739