Fajnzylber, Pablode la Torre, AugustoNash, John2012-03-192012-03-192009-01-01978-0-8213-7619-5https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3022Based on analysis of recent data on the evolution of global temperatures, snow and ice covers, and sea level rise, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently declared that "warming of the climate system is unequivocal." Global surface temperatures, in particular, have increased during the past 50 years at twice the speed observed during the first half of the 20th century. The IPCC has also concluded that with 95 percent certainty the main drivers of the observed changes in the global climate have been anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases (GHG). While the greenhouse effect is a natural process without which the planet would probably be too cold to support life, most of the increase in the overall concentration of GHGs observed since the industrial revolution has been the result of human activities, namely the burning of fossil fuels, changes in land use (conversion of forests into agricultural land), and agriculture (the use of nitrogen fertilizers and live stock related methane emissions).CC BY 3.0 IGOADVERSE EFFECTSAFFORESTATIONAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTUREAIR QUALITYALGAEALTERNATIVE ENERGYAMPHIBIANSANTARCTICAARABLE LANDARID REGIONSATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATIONBIODIVERSITYBIOMASSBIRDSCARBON ENERGYCARBON INTENSITYCARBON TAXESCATASTROPHIC EVENTSCH4CHANGES IN LAND USECLEAN ENERGYCLIMATE ANALYSISCLIMATE CENTERCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION POLICIESCLIMATE FORECASTSCLIMATE IMPACTSCLIMATE MODELSCLIMATE SENSITIVITYCLIMATE SYSTEMCLIMATIC CHANGESCO2 EMISSIONSCOALCOAST WETLANDSCOASTAL AREASCOMMERCIAL FISHINGCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECONSERVATIONCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSESCROPSCUMULATIVE EMISSIONSDEFORESTATIONDESERTIFICATIONDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDIFFERENCES IN EMISSIONSDRINKING WATERDROUGHTDRY SEASONECOLOGYECONOMIC CONSEQUENCESECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPACTSECONOMIC VALUEECONOMIES OF SCALEECOSYSTEMELECTRICITY SUPPLYEMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTSEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONS LEVELSENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EMISSIONSENERGY INTENSITYENERGY PRICESENERGY SECURITYENVIRONMENTAL GOODSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMSENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYEQUILIBRIUMFARMSFISHFISHERIESFLOODINGFLOODSFOREST FIRESFORESTRYFORESTSFOSSIL FUELSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEGASOLINE PRICESGDPGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELGENERATION CAPACITYGHGSGLACIERSGLOBAL EMISSIONGLOBAL WARMINGGREENHOUSE EFFECTGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESHABITATSHEAT WAVESHFCSHOUSINGHUMAN ACTIVITIESHUMAN WELL-BEINGICE SHEETSIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEINCOMEINDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIESINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYIPCCIRREVERSIBILITYIRRIGATIONLAKESLAND USELAND VALUELOSS OF BIODIVERSITYMALARIAMARGINAL BENEFITSMARGINAL COSTMARGINAL COSTSMARINE ECOSYSTEMSMARKET MECHANISMMETHANEMETHANE EMISSIONSMITIGATION POTENTIALN2ONATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL GASNITROGEN FERTILIZERSOIL PRICESOPPORTUNITY COSTSPER CAPITA ENERGYPER CAPITA INCOMEPERFECT INFORMATIONPFCSPLANT LIFEPOLICY MAKERSPOLLUTIONPOWER GENERATIONPRECIPITATIONPRECIPITATION PATTERNSPRESENT VALUEPRIMARY ENERGYPRODUCTIVITYPROGRAMSPUBLIC EXPENDITURESRAINFALLRANGESRECYCLINGREDUCING EMISSIONSREFORESTATIONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE RESOURCESRESERVOIRSRESIDUAL DAMAGESRISING SEA LEVELSRISK MANAGEMENTRIVERRUNOFFSALINITYSAVINGSSEA LEVEL RISESEASONAL PATTERNSOCIAL COSTSSOILSPECIESSTORMSSURFACE AREASURFACE TEMPERATURESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGETECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONSTEMPERATURETRADEOFFSTROPICAL CYCLONESTROPICAL FORESTSUTILITIESVEGETATIONWAGESWASTEWASTE DISPOSALWASTE MANAGEMENTWATERFOWLWATERSHEDSWETLANDSWILDLIFEWILLINGNESS TO PAYWIND POWERAMAZON RAINFORESTAMAZONIAN RAINFORESTCARBON ECONOMYCARBON MARKETCARBON TECHNOLOGIESCATASTROPHIC CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE ANALYSIS INDICATORSCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOCLIMATE TRENDSCLIMATE-RELATED DISASTERSCLOUD BASECORAL REEFSCOST ESTIMATESDAMAGE FROM HURRICANESDISCOUNT RATEECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEECONOMIC RECOVERYECONOMIC SECTORSECOSYSTEMSEFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGEEMISSION GROWTHEMISSION REDUCTION TARGETSEMISSION SCENARIOSEMISSION TRAJECTORIESEMISSIONS FROM LAND USE CHANGEEMISSIONS SCENARIOSENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATIONEQUITY CONSIDERATIONSEXTREME WEATHER EVENTSFINANCIAL COSTSFINANCIAL CRISISWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7619-5