Hamilton, KirkAkbar, Sameer2017-07-172017-07-172010-11-15https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27605This internal background paper has been prepared to help inform the 2010 environment strategy with respect to a proposed way forward on use of country systems. The World Bank Group environment strategy is built on three pillars: leveraging natural resources for growth and poverty reduction; managing the environmental risks to growth and development; and transforming growth paths. As part of its exploration of these three pillars, the strategy considers the question of environmental co-benefits of climate change actions. In particular, it poses the question of potential trade-offs between actions to address climate change and other local and regional environmental priorities, and considers how to maximize co-benefits arising from climate action. The primary objective of this background paper is to assess the potential for climate change mitigation and adaptation actions to provide environmental co-benefits, particularly in the quality of environmental media, flow of ecosystem services, and maintenance of biodiversity. To accomplish this, the paper is organized in five sections: section one gives provision of an organizing framework to identify and classify potential co-benefits; section two gives summary of the external literature on co-benefits; section three gives review of examples from the World Bank portfolio; section four presents initial thoughts on creation of enabling conditions for co-benefit provision; and section five gives review of implications for the environment strategy.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCIDENTSACIDIFICATIONADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSAFFORESTATIONAGRICULTURAL CHEMICALSAGRICULTURAL SYSTEMSAIRAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION CONTROLAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTSALTERNATIVE ENERGYANNUAL EMISSIONAQUIFERSARABLE LANDBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONBIODIVERSITY PROTECTIONBIOGASBIOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATIONBIOMASSBIOMASS ENERGYBLACK CARBONBLACK CARBON EMISSIONSBUSBUSESCADMIUMCARBON ACCUMULATIONCARBON CAPTURECARBON CREDITSCARBON CYCLINGCARBON DIOXIDECARBON EMISSIONCARBON FINANCECARBON FLUXCARBON FUELSCARBON FUNDINGCARBON LOSSCARBON MARKETCARBON MARKETSCARBON OFFSETCARBON PRICECARBON SEQUESTRATIONCARBON SINKSCARBON SOURCESCARBON TAXCLEAN ELECTRICITYCLEANER FUELSCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCOCO2COALCOMBUSTIONCOMMON PROPERTYCOMMON PROPERTY RESOURCESCONGESTIONCOST SAVINGSCROP LANDSCROPPING SYSTEMSCRUDE OILDEBTDEFORESTATIONDEGRADED AREASDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDIESELDIESEL ENGINESDIESEL VEHICLESDISEASE VECTORSDROUGHTECOLOGYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMICSECOSYSTEMELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION POLICIESEMISSION REDUCTION TARGETSEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION TRADINGEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTUREEMISSIONS FROM LAND USEEMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY POLICYENERGY SOURCESENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL MEDIAENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYEROSION CONTROLETHANOLEXTERNAL COSTSFARMSFERTILIZERSFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFIRE MANAGEMENTFISHFISHERIESFLOODSFORESTFOREST AREAFOREST BIOMASSFOREST CARBONFOREST CLEARANCEFOREST DEGRADATIONFOREST MANAGEMENTFOREST PLANTATIONSFOREST SECTORFORESTRYFORESTRY SECTORFORESTSFOSSIL FUELSFREIGHTFREIGHT TRANSPORTFUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLESFUEL SUBSIDIESFUEL SWITCHINGGAS EMISSIONGAS FLARINGGASESGASOLINEGHGGHGSGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESGREENHOUSE-GASGREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONSHEAVY METALSHIGHWAYHIGHWAYSHOUSEHOLD FUELIMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITYIPCCLAND DEGRADATIONLAND USE CHANGELANDFILLLANDFILL GASLEACHINGLIVABLE CITIESLOCAL AIR POLLUTANTSLOCAL AIR POLLUTIONLOCAL AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONSLOSS OF SOIL CARBONLOW-CARBONMANGROVE FORESTMASS TRANSITMETHANEMETHANE COMBUSTIONMETHANE EMISSIONSMETHANE GASMETHANE GENERATIONMINESN2ONATURAL CAPITALNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCESNEGATIVE IMPACTSNITRATENITRATESNITROGENNITROGEN DEPOSITIONNITROUS OXIDENITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONSNOISENOXNUCLEAR ENERGYNUTRIENTSOIL PRICESORGANIC MATTEROZONEOZONE LAYERPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPARTICULATESPASTURESPM10POLICY MAKERSPOLLUTION CONTROLPOLLUTION REDUCTIONPOWER PLANTSPPPRESENT VALUEPRIVATE VEHICLESRAINWATERRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRESOURCE CONSERVATIONRESOURCE MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENTROADROADSSANITATIONSO2SOCIAL COSTSSOIL CARBONSOIL DEGRADATIONSOIL PRODUCTIVITYSOLAR POWERSOXSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE FORESTRYSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTSUSTAINABLE USETAX REDUCTIONTERRESTRIAL CARBONTIMBERTRAFFICTRANSPORT OPERATIONSTRANSPORT POLICIESTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SYSTEMTRANSPORTATIONTREE SPECIESTRUEURBAN AIR POLLUTIONURBAN TRANSPORTVEHICLEVEHICLE FUELVEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCYWASTE MANAGEMENTWATER POLLUTIONWATER QUALITYWATER TREATMENTWETLANDSWINDWIND ENERGYWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/27605