Glaeser, EdwardJoshi-Ghani, Abha2014-04-022014-04-022013-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17581Urbanization is undoubtedly a key driver of development - cities provide the national platform for prosperity, job creation, and poverty reduction. But urbanization also poses enormous challenges that one is familiar with: congestion, air pollution, social divisions, crime, the breakdown of public services and infrastructure, and the slums that one billion urban resident's call home. Urbanization is perhaps the single most important question in development today. It is clear that cities have not performed as well as can be expected in their transformative role for more livable, inclusive, people-centered, and sustainable development. But they have enormous potential as growth escalators, offering the opportunity to lift millions out of poverty, and serve as centers of knowledge, innovations, and entrepreneurship. Cities in both the developed and developing world want to attract more entrepreneurs and create more jobs. Cities also need to be resilient to natural hazards and the impacts of climate change. If these are left unaddressed, cities will become part of the problem rather than the solution.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAFFORDABLE HOUSINGAGGLOMERATION BENEFITSAGGLOMERATION ECONOMICSAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESAIRAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAUTOMOBILEBARRIERS TO ENTRYBASIC SERVICESBRIDGECARCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON TAXCARSCITIESCLIMATE CHANGECOALCOMMUNITIESCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECONGESTIONCONGESTION CHARGINGCONGESTION PRICINGCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCROWDING OUTDEREGULATIONDIVISION OF LABORDRIVERSDRIVINGECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CHANGEECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEECONOMISTSELECTRONIC ROAD PRICINGEMPLOYMENTENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESEQUILIBRIUMEXPENDITURESEXTERNALITIESFARMSFLOOR AREAGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSHIGHWAYHIGHWAY LANESHIGHWAYSHOUSING AFFORDABILITYHOUSING FINANCEHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN SETTLEMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESLABOR COSTSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETSLAND USELAND-USE PLANNINGLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL PUBLIC SECTORMEGACITIESMETROPOLITAN AREASMINESMOBILITYNATURAL RESOURCESNEIGHBORHOODNEIGHBORHOODSNEW TOWNSPOLICEPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOPULATION DENSITIESPOPULATION GROWTHPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC SAFETYPUBLIC TRANSITPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONRAILRAIL NETWORKSROADROAD CONGESTIONROADSSAFE STREETSSANITATIONSCHOOLSSIDE PAYMENTSSLUMSSOCIAL COSTSSTREETSSUBSTANDARD HOUSINGSUBURBSSUBWAYSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTAX FUNDSTOLLSTRADEOFFSTRAFFICTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRANSIT OPTIONSTRANSPORTTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION COSTSTRANSPORTATION NETWORKSTRANSPORTATION PLANNINGTRAVEL DISTANCESTRUEURBANURBAN AREAURBAN AREASURBAN CONCENTRATIONURBAN CONGESTIONURBAN COREURBAN DESIGNURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN ECONOMICSURBAN ECONOMIESURBAN GROWTHURBAN HOUSINGURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN LABORURBAN LANDURBAN LIFEURBAN POLICIESURBAN POORURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POVERTYURBAN PROBLEMSURBAN REGENERATIONURBAN RESEARCHURBAN SERVICESURBAN SETTLEMENTSURBAN SPRAWLURBAN WORKERSURBANIZATIONUSER CHARGESUSER FEESVEHICLEVEHICLE MILESWAGESWASTEWATER POLLUTIONWEALTH10.1596/17581