DeFrancis, Marc P.DeFrancis, Marc2014-03-242014-03-242012-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17349This study estimates the nonmonetary, financial, and economic costs of poor sanitation in the areas of health, drinking water, and domestic water, as well as user preference and welfare. Financial costs refer to the direct financial expense paid in monetary terms by someone, such as changes in household and government spending and real income losses for households. Nonmonetary costs consist of both longer-term financial impacts (such as less educated children, fewer children, and loss of working people due to premature death or relevant morbidity), and nonfinancial implications, such as the value of loss of life, time-use of adults and children, and intangible impacts. Bangladesh has made inadequate progress toward the sanitation-related millennium development goal (MDG) target. The country's financial commitment and political priority for sanitation also has shown inadequate progress (Water-Aid, 2008). Therefore, to mitigate the adverse effects of poor sanitation and hygiene practices, intervention is necessary. The aim of this study is to provide concrete evidence of the impact poor sanitation has on the population and the environment and, consequently, on the economy. This study provides estimates of the current and long-term effects of poor sanitation, which cover not only the negative impacts of poor sanitation but also the potential gains that different sanitation interventions could achieve. Policy makers and water and sanitation advocacy organizations are the target audience of this study.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO LATRINESACCESS TO SAFE WATERACCESS TO SANITATIONADEQUATE SANITATION FACILITIESAGE DISTRIBUTIONAGE GROUPSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAIR POLLUTIONANIMAL EXCRETABASIC SANITATIONBEHAVIOR CHANGEBENEFITS OF SANITATIONBULLETINCASES OF DIARRHEACAUSES OF DEATHCHILD HEALTHCHILD LABORCLINICSCOMMUNICATION CAMPAIGNCOMMUNITY LATRINESCOST OF WATERDEATH RATESDEFECATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDIARRHEADIARRHEA CASESDIARRHEAL DISEASEDIARRHEAL DISEASE PREVALENCEDIARRHEAL DISEASESDISEASE RESEARCHDISEASE TRANSMISSIONDISEASE VECTORDISSEMINATIONDOMESTIC WATERDRAINDRINKING WATERECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSEDUCATION STRATEGIESENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONEXCRETA DISPOSALFAMILIESFAMILY PLANNINGFAMILY WELFAREFEMALESFERTILITYFEWER CHILDRENFINANCIAL COMMITMENTFOOD SAFETYFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTGLOBAL POPULATIONGOOD SANITATIONGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHANDWASHINGHAZARDSHEALTH CAREHEALTH EXPERTSHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH IMPACTHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH SERVICESHELMINTHESHOSPITALHOSPITALIZATIONHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD LATRINESHOUSEHOLD REFUSEHUMAN BEINGSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DIGNITYHUMAN ENVIRONMENTHUMAN EXCRETAHUMAN RIGHTHUMAN RIGHTSHYGIENEHYGIENE BEHAVIORHYGIENE EDUCATIONHYGIENE PRACTICEHYGIENE PRACTICESHYGIENE PROMOTERSILLNESSESIMPROPER SANITATIONINADEQUATE SANITATIONINDIGENOUS PEOPLEINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINFECTIOUS DISEASEINFORMATION CAMPAIGNSINFORMED CHOICESINTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONINTERVENTIONINTESTINAL WORMSISOLATIONLABOR FORCELARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLELATRINELATRINE PITLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW BIRTH WEIGHTMALARIAMALARIA CASESMALNOURISHED CHILDRENMALNUTRITIONMALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDRENMASS MEDIAMEASLESMEDICAL FACILITIESMEDICAL FACILITYMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORBIDITYMORTALITYNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL STRATEGYNATURAL RESOURCESNUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDSNUMBER OF PERSONSNUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL STATUSORTPARASITESPATHOGENSPATIENTPATIENTSPERSONAL HYGIENEPHARMACIESPIT LATRINEPIT LATRINESPNEUMONIAPOLICY MAKERSPOLLUTIONPOOR HEALTHPOOR HYGIENEPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION DATAPOPULATION RESEARCHPREMATURE DEATHPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRODUCTIVE YEARSPROGRESSPROPER HYGIENEPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMSPUBLIC LATRINESPURCHASING POWERPURCHASING POWER PARITYQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY OF LIFEQUALITY WATERRAINWATER COLLECTIONREGULATORY AGENCIESRESEARCH PROGRAMRESOURCE USERESPIRATORY DISEASERESPIRATORY INFECTIONSRISK FACTORSRISK OF DEATHRISK OF ILLNESSRURAL AREASSAFE DISPOSALSAFE DISPOSAL OF EXCRETASAFE DRINKING WATERSAFE EXCRETA DISPOSALSAFE WATERSANITARY LATRINESSANITATION ACCESSSANITATION COVERAGESANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION FACILITYSANITATION OPTIONSSANITATION PROGRAMSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SITUATIONSANITATION SOLUTIONSSANITATION SYSTEMSSCHISTOSOMIASISSCHOOL ATTENDANCESENSITIVITY ANALYSISSEPTIC TANKSEWAGE TREATMENTSEWERAGESEXSKIN DISEASESSOAPSOCIAL ACTIONSOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSOLID WASTESTATUS OF SANITATIONSURFACE WATERSUSTAINABLE ACCESSSYMPTOMSTOILETTOILETSTRACHOMATYPHOIDUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AREASURBAN HOUSEHOLDSURBAN POPULATIONSURBAN SLUMSUSE OF WATERVECTOR CONTROLVIRUSESWASH BOTH HANDS WITH SOAPWASTEWATER CONTAMINATIONWATER RESOURCESWATER SANITATIONWATER SOURCESWATER SUPPLYWATER TREATMENTWATERBORNE DISEASESWORKERSWORKFORCEWORKPLACEWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUNG CHILDRENYOUNG PEOPLE10.1596/17349