World Bank2014-06-052014-06-052009-02-18https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18550Niger is a very poor country that faces serious problems of poverty and household food insecurity. With a per capita gross national income (GNI) of US$240 and an estimated 62 percent of the population living below the poverty line, Niger is one of the lowest-ranked countries on the United Nations' human development index. Reducing vulnerability and ensuring food and nutrition security is an overarching priority for the Government. Maintaining food security at the national and household level is an important priority for developing countries in general, both for the welfare of the poor and for political stability. In order to ensure food security, governments have adopted various strategies, including efforts to increase staple food crop production, market interventions, and a variety of safety net programs, especially during emergencies. In Niger, where profound vulnerabilities combined with a high level of population growth have resulted in endemic food insecurity, the Government is faced with a serious challenge. In this context, the purpose of this study is to contribute to the existing strategy and assist the Government in developing a holistic, multi-sectoral, and institutional approach to reducing the population's vulnerability to food insecurity. This report adds value to the ongoing policy discussions in two ways: first, it presents new empirical analysis of: i) food insecurity and vulnerability of households during the period of food crises as well as during normal period, ii) the structure and integration of cereal markets within Niger and with markets in neighboring countries, and iii) causes of the 2005 food crisis, and lessons learned on implications of various levels of cross-border flows between Niger and Nigeria. Second, it provides concrete short- and medium-term recommendations for helping government to improve the performance of existing programs to increase food security, particularly related to preparedness for and responses to food crises, and to design efficient safety nets mechanisms for vulnerable population.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FOODACUTE MALNUTRITIONAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUESAGRICULTUREAID DONORSANIMAL HUSBANDRYASSET SALESBASIC FOODSTUFFSBASIC NEEDSBREADCALCIUMCALORIC CONSUMPTIONCALORIC INTAKECALORIC REQUIREMENTSCALORIES PER DAYCASH CROPSCASH TRANSFERSCASH-FOR-WORKCEREAL IMPORTSCEREAL PRICESCEREAL PRODUCTIONCEREALSCHEESECHILD MORTALITYCHILD MORTALITY RATESCHRONIC FOOD INSECURITYCHRONIC POVERTYCHRONICALLY POORCONSUMER SPENDINGCOPING MECHANISMSCOPING STRATEGYCULTIVATED AREASDAIRYDIETARY DIVERSITYDIVERSIFICATIONDOMESTIC PRICESDRINKING WATERDROUGHTDROUGHT YEARSEGGSEPIDEMICSEXTREME POVERTYFAMILY ALLOWANCESFAMINEFAMINESFARM PRODUCTSFARMERFARMERSFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFOOD ACCESSFOOD AIDFOOD AID FLOWSFOOD AVAILABILITYFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNSFOOD COUPONSFOOD CRISISFOOD CROPFOOD CROP PRODUCTIONFOOD CROPSFOOD DISTRIBUTIONFOOD EXPENDITUREFOOD FOR ALLFOOD FOR WORKFOOD IMPORTSFOOD INSECURE HOUSEHOLDSFOOD INSECURITYFOOD MARKETSFOOD PRICESFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD PRODUCTSFOOD SALESFOOD SECURITYFOOD SECURITY INDICATORSFOOD SECURITY ISSUESFOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCYFOOD SHORTAGESFOOD STOCKSFOOD SUPPLIESFOOD SUPPLYFRUITGRAIN MARKETSGRAIN PRICESGRAIN PRODUCTIONGRAIN RESERVESGRAINSGROUNDNUTHAZARDSHOUSEHOLD ACCESSHOUSEHOLD BUDGETHOUSEHOLD FOODHOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITYHOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD HEADSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITYHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEXHUNGRYHUNGRY SEASONIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSILLNESSINADEQUATE HEALTHINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOMEINCOME QUINTILEINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMSINTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCEIRRIGATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVESTOCK OWNERSHIPLIVESTOCK SALESLIVESTOCK SECTORMACROECONOMIC SHOCKSMAIZEMALNUTRITIONMARKET ANALYSISMARKET INFORMATIONMARKET PERFORMANCEMARKET PRICEMARKETING SYSTEMMEALMEATMICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIESMILKMORTALITY RATESNATIONAL FOOD SECURITYNATIONAL POVERTYNATURAL DISASTERNATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL SHOCKSNUTRITIONNUTRITION OUTCOMESNUTRITION SECURITYNUTRITIONAL DATANUTRITIONAL OUTCOMESNUTRITIONAL STATUSNUTSPEANUTSPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPOORPOOR ACCESS TO HEALTH FACILITIESPOOR HEALTHPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR PEOPLEPOORER PEOPLEPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPOVERTY STATUSPRICE SUBSIDIESPUBLIC WORKSPUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMSPULSESREGIONAL MARKETSRICERICE PRODUCTIONRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INCOMESRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYRURAL POVERTY REDUCTIONRURAL REGIONSSAFETY NETSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAFETY NET SYSTEMSAFETY NETSSANITATIONSAVINGSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL FEEDINGSCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSORGHUMSTAPLE FOOD CROPSTAPLE FOODSSTORAGE FACILITIESSUBSISTENCESUBSISTENCE CROPSSUFFICIENT FOODSUGARSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTARGETINGTARGETING MECHANISMSTRANSFER PROGRAMSTUBERSURBAN AREASVEGETABLESVULNERABILITY TO DROUGHTVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDSVULNERABLE PEOPLEWATER SOURCESWELFARE INDICATORSWFPWHEATWORLD FOOD PROGRAMWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION10.1596/18550