World Bank2015-01-072015-01-072014-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21121An egalitarian socialist legacy and relatively high and growing levels of income, particularly over the last decade, have translated into fairly equal gender outcomes in Russia along many dimensions. There are no significant differences in education levels between men and women, and in recent years more young women have completed post-secondary education than young men. Girls outperform boys in reading in standardized exams and do as well as them in math and science. At first glance, women do not seem to have difficulties in transitioning from school to work or remaining employed over the life cycle. And female labor force participation is significantly above the levels observed in other countries in Europe and Central Asia, as well as in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD. This new assessment of gender equality issues in Russia seeks to gauge the progress in all the domains of outcomes during the last 10 years, and to further understand the main causes behind the persisting gender gaps identified in the country. This assessment builds on the analytical framework proposed by the World Development Report 2012: gender equality and development (World Bank 2012a) to provide a general overview of gender issues in Russia, and it builds on literature at the frontier in economics to go deeper in the two selected topics: adult mortality and gender gap in pay.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABORTIONABORTION RATEACCESS TO RESOURCESADULT EDUCATIONADULT MENADULT MORTALITYADULT WOMENADULTHOODAGE DISTRIBUTIONAGINGAGRICULTUREALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONALCOHOLISMASSESSMENT OF GENDERAWARENESS RAISINGBIRTH RATESBIRTHSBREADWINNERBREASTBREAST CANCERCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCAREER DEVELOPMENTCAREGIVERSCAUSES OF DEATHCERVICAL CANCERCHILD CARECHILD-REARING RESPONSIBILITIESCHILDBEARINGCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSCONTRACEPTIVE METHODCONTROL OVER RESOURCESDEATH RATESDEATHSDEPENDENCY RATIOSDISCRIMINATIONDISSEMINATIONDOMESTIC VIOLENCEDYINGECONOMIC CHANGESECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMICSEDUCATED WOMENELDERLYELDERLY MENELDERLY WOMENEMERGENCIESEQUAL ACCESSEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESEQUAL PAYEQUIPMENTEUEXCESS MORTALITYFAMILIESFAMILY FORMATIONFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY RESPONSIBILITIESFAMILY RESPONSIBILITYFATHERSFEMALEFEMALE EDUCATIONFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSFEMALE HEADFEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFEMALE HEADSFEMALE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONFEMALE POPULATIONFEMALE RESEARCHERSFEMALESFERTILITYFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY RATESFEWER WOMENFIRST BIRTHFIRST BIRTHSGENDERGENDER ASPECTSGENDER ASSESSMENTGENDER ASYMMETRIESGENDER DIFFERENCEGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER DISPARITIESGENDER DISPARITYGENDER EQUALITYGENDER EQUALITY ISSUESGENDER GAPGENDER GAPSGENDER GAPS IN ACCESSGENDER IMBALANCESGENDER INEQUALITIESGENDER INEQUALITYGENDER ISSUESGENDER NEUTRALGENDER NORMSGENDER PARITYGENDER ROLESGENDER SPECIALISTGENDER STATISTICSGENDER STEREOTYPESGENDER STUDIESGENDER WAGE GAPSGIRLSGYNECOLOGYHEALTH CAREHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH WORKERSHIVHOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUSBANDILL HEALTHILLEGAL ABORTIONSILLNESSESIMMIGRANTSINFORMATION FOR WOMENINJURIESINJURYINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKLABOR CODELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLABOUR CODELEGAL ABORTIONLEGAL STATUSLEGISLATIONLEVEL OF DEVELOPMENTLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVE BIRTHSMALE MORTALITYMALE PARTICIPATIONMALESMARITAL STATUSMARKET ECONOMYMARRIAGESMASCULINITYMATERNAL MORTALITYMATERNAL MORTALITY RATEMATERNITY LEAVEMEDICAL SERVICESMIDDLE AGEMIGRANTSMORTALITY LEVELSMORTALITY RATESMOTHERMOTHERSNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF WOMENNURSESOBSTETRICSOLDER WOMENORAL CONTRACEPTIVESPARLIAMENTARY UNIONPARTICIPATION IN DECISIONPARTICIPATION IN SOCIETYPARTICIPATION OF WOMENPENSIONPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL DECISIONPOLITICAL PARTICIPATIONPOPULATION TRENDSPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRODUCTIVE YEARSPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC POLICYREDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITYREMITTANCESREPRESENTATION OF WOMENRESEARCH COMMUNITYRESPECTRISK FACTORSRISK-TAKINGRISKY BEHAVIORROLE OF WOMENRURAL AREASRURAL WOMENSANCTIONSSCHOOL CHILDRENSCHOOL HOURSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSSERVICE DELIVERYSEXSINGLE PARENT FAMILIESSKILLED WOMENSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL SCIENCESSTATE UNIVERSITYSUICIDESUICIDESTERTIARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY LEVELTEXTILESTRADITIONAL VALUESUNDPUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT LEVELSUNITED NATIONSUNIVERSITIESURBAN AREASVICTIMSVIOLENCEVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENVOCATIONAL TRAININGVULNERABILITYWAGE GAPWDRWIFEWILLWOMANWOMEN ENTREPRENEURSWOMEN IN ENTREPRENEURSHIPWOMEN WITH CHILDRENWOMEN'S ISSUESYOUNG MENYOUNG WOMEN10.1596/21121