World Bank2014-03-252014-03-252010-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17381The report discusses the link between climate change and cities, why cities should be concerned about climate change and adopt early preventative policies, and how the World Bank and other organizations can provide further support to cities on climate change issues. The report is one in a series of activities that explore the nexus of cities and climate change. This report, cities and climate change: an urgent agenda focuses on three broad issues pertaining to cities and climate change. This paper argues that climate change is an urgent agenda for cities for two reasons. First, climate change is a cumulative process. Second, embracing the climate change agenda now makes eminent sense from an individual city's perspective, be it economic, social, or political. It shows that the city is part of the global sustainable development agenda. This report presents an urgent situation. In rapidly growing cities, especially in Asia, current development paths are locking in emissions and lifestyles. Many people, particularly the poor, are already affected by climate change. The next decade will be particularly challenging. Cities will take a more active role in global dialogues and policy development as citizen's demand more comprehensive and immediate responses from all levels of government.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACIDIFICATIONAIRAIR CONDITIONINGAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAIR TRAVELAIRCRAFTANNUAL GREENHOUSE GASANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONSARTERIESATMOSPHERIC POLLUTIONAUTOMOBILEAUTOMOBILE USEAUTOMOBILESBIOMASSBUSBUSESCALCULATIONCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCARCAR OWNERSHIPCAR USECARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION LEVELSCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON FINANCECARBON MARKETSCARSCITY TRANSPORTCLEAN AIRCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE ISSUESCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE CHANGE POLICIESCLIMATE EXTREMESCLIMATE VARIABILITYCO2COALCOAL OILCOLORSCOMMERCIAL TRUCKSCONGESTIONCONSTRUCTION MATERIALSCONSUMPTION OF ENERGYCOST-BENEFITCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCYCLONESDAILY TRAVELDAILY TRAVEL DISTANCEDAMAGESDEFORESTATIONDESALINATIONDRAINAGEDRAINAGE SYSTEMSDRIVINGDROUGHTECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIES OF SCALEECOSYSTEMELASTICITIESELECTRIC VEHICLESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONEMISSIONEMISSION LEVELSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS ALLOCATIONEMISSIONS FACTORSEMISSIONS FROM CONSUMPTIONEMISSIONS INVENTORIESENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY DEMANDENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESENERGY INTENSITYENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY SOURCESENERGY SUBSIDIESENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYEXTERNALITIESEXTREME EVENTSEXTREME WEATHEREXTREME WEATHER EVENTSFERTILIZERSFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFLOOR AREAFLOOR AREA RATIOFORESTRYFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUELSFUEL COSTSFUEL DISTRIBUTIONFUEL SUBSIDIESGHGGHGSGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASESGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONSGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PER CAPITAGREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIESGREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORYGREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATIONGREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONSGREENHOUSE GAS STANDARDSGREENHOUSE GASESHIGH ENERGYHIGHWAYHOUSEHOLD ENERGYHURRICANEHYDROFLUOROCARBONSIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEIMPORTSINCOMEINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE POLICIESINFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADINGINFRASTRUCTURESINSURANCEINTENSE STORMSINTENSITY OF CYCLONESINTERNATIONAL GREENHOUSE GASINTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEMIPCCIRONLAND USELAND USE CHANGELAND USE POLICIESLAND-USE CHANGELANDFILLSLOCAL AIR POLLUTIONLOCAL TRANSPORTATIONLONG-RUN ELASTICITIESLOW-CARBONMARKET FAILURESMETABOLISMMETHANEMOBILITYMODAL SPLITNATIONAL EMISSIONSNATURAL GASNEIGHBORHOODSNITROGENNITROGEN CYCLENITROUS OXIDENONMOTORIZED TRANSPORTNUCLEAR ENERGYOCEANSPEDESTRIANPERFLUOROCARBONPESTICIDESPOLICY MAKERSPOPULATION DENSITYPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTSPOWER SUPPLYPRECIPITATIONPRICE INCENTIVESPRIVATE TRANSPORTPROPERTY TAXESPUBLIC TRANSITPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORKSPUBLIC TRANSPORT USEPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONRAPID TRANSITRAPID TRANSPORTREGULATORY POLICIESRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESROADSSANITATIONSCENARIOSSMART GROWTHSOLAR RADIATIONSTORM SURGESSTORMSSTREETSSUBURBSSUBWAYSULPHURTEMPERATURETRAFFICTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSITTRANSIT CORRIDORSTRANSIT SYSTEMTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT SYSTEMTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION COSTSTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORTATION SYSTEMTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMSTRIPSTRUCKSTRUEUNEPURBAN SPRAWLURBAN SYSTEMSURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORT POLICIESURBANISMVEHICLEVEHICLE PURCHASESVEHICLESWEALTHWEATHER CONDITIONSWEATHER PATTERNSWINDWIND STORMS10.1596/17381