World Bank2013-02-222013-02-222007-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12462The Poverty Assessment for Panama, Toward Effective Poverty Reduction, focuses on: analyzing poverty, inequality, human development, GDP growth and other social indicators in Panama between 1997 and 2003; providing analytical and advisory support to the Government of Panama aimed at implementing a new strategic vision for poverty reduction; and supporting the country in capacity building in poverty diagnostics and policy evaluation. The report concludes that there is a need to develop a clear social protection strategy with specific targets which should drive the process of resource allocation in the sector. Specific policy recommendations are made in the areas of nutrition programs, education, housing, water and energy subsidies, monitoring mechanisms and institutional arrangements.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESACCESS TO SCHOOLSACCESS TO SERVICESAGEDAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL SECTORSANNUAL GROWTHANNUAL GROWTH RATEANTI-POVERTYBASIC EDUCATIONBASIC HEALTHBASIC HEALTH SERVICESBIRTH ATTENDANTBIRTH ATTENDANTSCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL ACCUMULATIONCARIBBEAN REGIONCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCHANGES IN POVERTYCHRONIC MALNUTRITIONCOMPENSATORY POLICIESCONSUMER PRICESCONSUMPTION AGGREGATECONSUMPTION DATACONSUMPTION GROWTHCONSUMPTION MEASURECONSUMPTION PER CAPITACONSUMPTION SMOOTHINGCOST-EFFECTIVENESSDECISION MAKINGDECLINE IN POVERTYDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT INDICATORSDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGESDISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTDROP IN POVERTYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMICSEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESENERGY SUBSIDIESEXTREME POVERTYEXTREME POVERTY LINEEXTREME POVERTY LINESFOOD BASKETFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD ITEMSFOOD POVERTYFOOD POVERTY LINEGINI COEFFICIENTGROWTH PERFORMANCEGROWTH RATESHEADCOUNT POVERTYHEADCOUNT RATIOHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH OUTCOMESHIGH INEQUALITYHIGH POVERTYHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATIONHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTIMMUNIZATIONIMPACT ON POVERTYINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOMEINCOME DATAINCOME GROWTHINCOME INCREASEINCOME INEQUALITYINEQUALITYINEQUALITY CHANGESINEQUALITY MEASURESINEQUALITY REDUCTIONINFANT MORTALITYINJURIESINSURANCELABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLIVING STANDARDSLONG RUNLOW WAGESMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMALNUTRITIONMARGINAL PROPENSITYMATERNAL MORTALITYMEANS TESTINGMIGRANTSNATIONAL ACCOUNTSNATIONAL POVERTYNURSESNUTRITIONNUTRITION INTERVENTIONSNUTRITIONAL STATUSOLD AGEOLD AGE PENSIONOLD AGE POVERTYPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPER CAPITA GROWTHPER CAPITA INCOMEPER CAPITA INCOMESPERSISTENT POVERTYPOLICY ANALYSISPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY INTERVENTIONPOLICY OPTIONSPOLIOPOORPOOR CHILDRENPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR FAMILIESPOOR INDIVIDUALSPOOR LIVINGPOOR POLICIESPOOR POPULATIONPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY ANALYSISPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY CHANGEPOVERTY CHANGESPOVERTY ESTIMATESPOVERTY GAPPOVERTY GAP INDEXPOVERTY IMPACTPOVERTY INDEXPOVERTY INDICATORSPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY MAPPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY POLICIESPOVERTY PROGRAMSPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION POLICIESPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPOVERTY SEVERITYPREGNANCYPRICE SUBSIDIESPRO-GROWTH POLICIESPRO-POORPRO-POOR GROWTHPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SPENDINGRAPID GROWTHREDUCING POVERTYREGIONAL DECOMPOSITIONRELATIVE PRICESREMOTE RURAL AREASRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRICH COUNTRIESRISK GROUPSRURALRURAL AREASRURAL GROWTHRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INEQUALITYRURAL MIGRATIONRURAL POVERTYRURAL RESIDENTSRURAL SECTORSRURAL WORKERSSAVINGSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOLINGSECONDARY SCHOOLINGSECONDARY SCHOOLSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL PROTECTION SPENDINGSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SPENDINGSTRUCTURAL REFORMSSUSTAINABLE POVERTYSUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTIONTARGETINGTARGETING MECHANISMSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETRADITIONAL HEALERSTRANSFER AMOUNTSTRANSFER PROGRAMSUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AREASVACCINATIONVULNERABLE GROUPSWELFARE MEASUREYOUNG WORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/12462