Mitchell, Donald2012-03-192012-03-192011978-0-8213-8516-6https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2541Biofuels offer new opportunities for African countries. They can contribute to economic growth, employment, and rural incomes. They can become an important export for some countries and provide low-cost fuel for others. There is also a potentially large demand for biofuels to meet the rapidly growing need for local fuel. Abundant natural resources and low-cost labor make producing biofuel feedstock's a viable alternative to traditional crops; and the preferential access available to most African countries to protected markets in industrial countries provides unique export opportunities. Biofuels also bring challenges and risks, including potential land-use conflicts, environmental risks, and heightened concerns about food security. This book examines the potential of African countries to produce biofuels for export or domestic consumption and looks at the policy framework needed. It is part of the effort by the World Bank's Africa region to examine critical issues that affect the region and to recommend policies that effectively address these issues while providing an enabling environment for the private sector. The book is intended to inform policy makers and the larger development community of the global and domestic market opportunities facing biofuel producers, as well as the challenges of producing biofuels, in the Africa region.CC BY 3.0 IGOABUNDANT NATURAL RESOURCESACID RAINAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL RESIDUEAIR POLLUTIONALTERNATIVE CROPSALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCESANIMAL FATANIMAL FATSANIMAL FODDERAPPROACHAVAILABILITYAVIATION FUELBAGASSEBIODIESELBIOENERGYBIOFUELBIOFUEL INDUSTRYBIOFUEL PRODUCTIONBIOFUEL STRATEGYBIOFUEL TECHNOLOGYBIOFUEL USEBIOFUELSBIOMASSBIOMASS ENERGYBIOMASS FEEDSTOCKSBIRDSBOILERSBY-PRODUCTSCARBOHYDRATESCARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON MARKETCASH CROPSCASSAVACELLULOSECELLULOSIC ETHANOLCHARCOALCHARCOAL PRODUCTIONCLEAN DEVELOPMENTCLIMATE CHANGECOCOALCOGENERATIONCOLLECTION COSTSCOMMODITYCONVERSION EFFICIENCYCOOKINGCOOKING OILCOST OF ETHANOLCOST OF ETHANOL PRODUCTIONCROPCROP PRICESCROP PRODUCTIONCROP RESEARCHCROP VARIETIESCRUDE OILDEMAND FOR ENERGYDEMAND FOR ETHANOLDEMAND FOR GASOLINEDEMONSTRATION PLANTSDIESELDIESEL ENGINEDIESEL ENGINESDIESEL FUELDIMETHYL ETHERDISTILLERYELECTRICAL ENERGYELECTRICITYELECTRICITY FOR SALEELECTRICITY PRICESEMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTEMPLOYMENTENERGY CONTENT OF ETHANOLENERGY ECONOMISTENERGY PRICESENERGY REQUIREMENTSENERGY SECTORENERGY SECURITYENERGY SOURCESENERGY SUPPLIESENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGIESENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL RISKSETHANOLETHANOL FEEDSTOCKSETHANOL IMPORTSETHANOL MARKETETHANOL PLANTETHANOL PLANTSETHANOL PRICESETHANOL PRODUCERETHANOL PRODUCERSETHANOL PRODUCTIONETHANOL PRODUCTION CAPACITYETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTSETHANOL PRODUCTION FACILITIESETHANOL PRODUCTION FACILITYETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESSETHANOL PROGRAMETHANOL YIELDETHANOL YIELDSEXTRACTION PROCESSESFAOFARMFARMERSFEEDSTOCKFEEDSTOCK COSTSFEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOLFEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTIONFEEDSTOCKSFERMENTATIONFERTILIZERSFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD CROPSFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD SECURITYFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL CELLSFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL DEMANDFUEL PRICESFUEL REQUIREMENTSFUEL WOODFUELSGASESGASIFICATIONGASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIESGASOLINEGASOLINE PRICESGENERATIONGHGGRAINGRAINSGRASSESGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESHARVESTINGHEAVY OILHECTARES OF LANDHEMICELLULOSEHIGH-YIELDING VARIETIESHOUSEHOLD ENERGYHUSBANDRYHYDROCARBONSHYDROLYSISINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEJATROPHAKEROSENELABOR COSTSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLAND RESOURCESLIGHTINGLIQUEFACTIONLIQUID BIOFUELLIQUID BIOFUELSLIQUID FUELSLUBRICITYMAIZEMAIZE YIELDSMETHANOLMOLASSESNATIONAL GRIDNITROGENOILOIL EXTRACTIONOIL PALMOIL PALMSOIL PRICESOIL PRODUCTIONOIL YIELDSOILSOILSEEDSPEST CONTROLPETROLEUMPLANT OILPLANTINGPLANTING MATERIALSPOWERPOWER GENERATORSPOWER GRIDPOWER PLANTSPRICE VOLATILITYPRIMARY FEEDSTOCKPRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGYPRODUCEPRODUCT OF ETHANOL PRODUCTIONPRODUCT QUALITYPRODUCTION COSTPRODUCTION INCENTIVESPRODUCTION OF ETHANOLPRODUCTION OF FEEDSTOCKSPYROLYSISRAPESEEDRENEWABLE FUELRENEWABLE SOURCESRURAL AREASRURAL VILLAGESSMOKESOIL NUTRIENTSSORGHUMSOYBEAN OILSOYBEANSSTARCHESSUGARSUGAR CROPSSUGAR FACTORYSUGAR MILLSSUGARCANESUGARCANE BAGASSESUGARCANE ETHANOLSUGARCANE PRODUCTIONSUGARCANE RESIDUESUGARSSYNTHESIS GASSYNTHETIC NATURAL GASTAX REVENUESTEATEA RESEARCHTRADITIONAL BIOMASSTREESTROPICAL FORESTSTURBINESVEGETABLE OILVEGETABLE OILSVEHICLESWHEATWHOLESALE PRICESWOODWOOD FUELWOOD FUELSWOODSWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8516-6