World Bank2013-08-212013-08-212000-01-21https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15277The review focuses on development and the environment in Yemen, particularly analyzing the environment resource base, where renewable fresh water is scarce, mainly ground water, and its over exploitation is one of the country's major environmental problems. Fisheries resources are also important, while oil and gas are significant resources contributing to some eighty five percent of Yemen's export revenues. Environmental problems are caused fundamentally due to: population growth; poverty; and institutional weaknesses. Main issues discussed include water depletion, pollution and supply; land, and habitat degradation, in addition to soil erosion; and, loss of biodiversity, mostly resulting from poor management of water and eco-tourism. Waste water and solid waste management, including hazardous waste and pesticide management, are outlined as serious environmental problems, requiring immediate appropriate disposal. Priority actions of the national environment action plan identify the need for institutional capacity building regarding environmental management, to include local pilot programs, as well as disaster preparedness at Aden, and Hodeidah ports concerning oil spills. Likewise, the water resources authority should be strengthened, to include the development of water resources information systems, and a comprehensive Water Law. Land use planning should be established to promote land zoning, and registration; a desertification control program should be implemented, and grazing reserves, and pest management techniques promoted. It is suggested waste management would be improved through privatization of solid waste collection, of water treatment, and of disposal of hazardous wastes, while the regulation of hospital waste disposal, should undergo pilot testing.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SAFE WATERACTIVATED SLUDGEAERATIONAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL SYSTEMSAQUIFERSARABLE LANDBASINSBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYBREEDING GROUNDSCHANNELSCOASTAL AREASCOASTAL RESOURCESCOASTAL WATERSCOLLECTION SYSTEMCONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITYCONSTRUCTIONCORAL REEFSCROP PRODUCTIONCUBIC METERSDEFORESTATIONDESALINATIONDISPOSAL OF WASTEWATERDIVERSIONDOWNSTREAM USERSDRAINAGE SYSTEMSECONOMIC POLICIESEMPLOYMENTENDANGERED SPECIESENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONESTUARIESEXCHANGE RATEEXPLOITATIONEXPORTFARMERSFARMINGFARMING PRACTICESFINANCIAL RESOURCESFISHFISH SPECIESFISHERIESFISHINGFISHING UNITSFOOD SECURITYFORESTRYFOSSIL FUELSFRESH WATERGASGROUND WATERGROUNDWATERHAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENTHAZARDOUS WASTESHEALTH PROBLEMSHIGH LEVELSHIGH WATERHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCOMEINDUSTRIAL DISCHARGESINDUSTRIAL WASTELABOR FORCELAND DEGRADATIONLAND RESOURCESLAND USELAND USE PRACTICESLEGISLATIONLIVING CONDITIONSLOCAL AUTHORITIESMANGROVEMANGROVE SWAMPSMANGROVESMARINE FAUNAMARINE FLORAMARINE MAMMALSMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTMUNICIPAL WASTEMUNICIPALITIESNATURAL RESOURCE BASENATURAL RESOURCESOILOIL SPILLSOVERGRAZINGOWNERSHIP OF LANDPESTICIDESPHYSICAL DESTRUCTIONPOLLUTIONPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH RATEPOTABLE WATERPOTABLE WATER STANDARDSPOWER PLANTSPRIVATE COMPANIESPRODUCERSPRODUCTIVITYPROTECTED AREASPUBLIC WATERPUBLIC WATER SUPPLIESPUBLIC WATER SUPPLYPUMPINGPUMPSQUALITY STANDARDSRAINFALLRANGELANDSRAW SEWAGERECHARGEREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSRENEWABLE RESOURCESRESERVOIRSROCKY COASTSSAFE WATERSALINE INTRUSIONSALINITYSALTWATER INTRUSIONSANDSANITATION AUTHORITYSANITATION SERVICESSEASEAWATERSEDIMENTSSEEPAGESEPTIC TANKSSEWERAGE SERVICESSEWERAGE SYSTEMSEWERAGE SYSTEMSSHIPSSMALL TOWNSSOIL EROSIONSOILSSOLID WASTESOLID WASTE COLLECTIONSOLID WASTE DISPOSALSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSTABILIZATION PONDSSTORM DRAINAGESURFACE WATERSUSTAINABLE USETEXTILE INDUSTRYTOWNSTOXIC WASTETREATIESURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN GROWTHURBAN WATERURBAN WATER SUPPLYUSE OF WATERWASTE COLLECTIONWASTE DISPOSALWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE WATERWASTEWATERWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIESWATER ALLOCATIONWATER COLLECTIONWATER CONSERVATIONWATER CONTAMINATIONWATER CRISISWATER LEVELWATER MANAGEMENTWATER NEEDSWATER PIPESWATER POLLUTIONWATER PUMPSWATER QUALITYWATER RESOURCEWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTWATER RESOURCESWATER RIGHTSWATER SCARCITYWATER SCARCITY PROBLEMSWATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY SERVICESWATER TABLESWATER USEWATERSWATERSHEDSWELLSWETLANDS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTWATER RESOURCES CONSERVATIONWATER ALLOCATIONFISHERIESOIL & GASENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONSOIL EROSIONPOPULATION INCREASEPOVERTY INCIDENCEINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYWATER POLLUTIONLAND DEGRADATIONHABITAT DESTRUCTIONBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONWATER MANAGEMENTECO-TOURISMWASTEWATER COLLECTIONSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTHAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSALPEST MANAGEMENTCAPACITY BUILDINGPILOT PROJECTSDISASTER PREPAREDNESSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSWATER LAWLAND USE PLANNINGDESERTIFICATION CONTROLPRIVATIZATION OF SERVICESMEDICAL WASTESWorld Bank10.1596/15277