Slack, Enid2012-06-062012-06-062007-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7264This paper examines different models of governing structure found in metropolitan areas around the world. It evaluates how well these models achieve the coordination of service delivery over the entire metropolitan area as well as the extent to which they result in the equitable sharing of costs of services. Based on theory and case studies from numerous cities in developed and less developed countries, the paper concludes that there is no "one size fits all" model of metropolitan governance. Other observations from the case studies highlight the importance of the process of implementing a metropolitan structure, the need to match fiscal resources with expenditure responsibilities, the need to have a governance structure that covers the entire economic region, and the critical importance of having a strong regional structure that ensures that services are delivered in a coordinated fashion across municipal boundaries.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESSIBILITYACCOUNTABILITYADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONSADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMSAIRALLOCATION OF RESOURCESAUTONOMYBASIC SERVICEBUSESCAPITAL EXPENDITURESCENTRAL CITIESCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCITIZENSCITIZENSHIPCIVIL SOCIETYCOMPLAINTSCONGESTIONCONSENSUSCONSTITUENCIESCONSTITUENCYCONSTITUTIONCORRUPTIONCOUNCILSCRIMEDEBENTURESDECENTRALIZATIONDECISION MAKERSDECISION-MAKINGDECISION-MAKING PROCESSDEMOCRACYDEMOCRATIC COUNTRIESDEMOCRATIZATIONDISCRETIONDISTRICT GOVERNMENTSDIVISION OF POWERSDRIVERSECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIES OF SCALEELECTED REPRESENTATIVESELECTRICITYEMERGENCY SERVICESEMPLOYMENTENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIESEXTERNALITIESFINANCIAL RESOURCESFIRE DEPARTMENTSFISCAL CAPACITYFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONFISCAL RESOURCESFISCAL REVENUESFOREIGN TRADEGARBAGE COLLECTIONGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITYGOVERNMENT CONTROLSGOVERNMENT FUNDINGGOVERNMENT POLICYGOVERNMENT SERVICESGOVERNMENT SYSTEMSHEALTH SERVICESHIGHWAYSHOUSINGHOUSING DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE PLANNINGINSPECTIONINSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTSINSTITUTIONAL REFORMSINTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERSJUSTICELAND USELARGE CITIESLAWSLEADERSHIPLEGISLATIONLEGISLATIVE AUTHORITYLEGISLATORSLEVELS OF GOVERNMENTLICENSESLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL AUTONOMYLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESLOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICESLOCAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURELOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL TAXESMEDIAMETROPOLITAN AREASMETROPOLITAN CITIESMILITARY REGIMEMINISTERMINISTERSMOBILITYMUNICIPALMUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIONMUNICIPAL FINANCEMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTUREMUNICIPAL OFFICIALSMUNICIPAL SERVICESMUNICIPALITIESMUNICIPALITYNATIONSNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIESPOLICEPOLITICIANSPOLLUTION CONTROLPOPULATION GROWTHPREFECTURESPRICE SETTINGPRIVATE SECTORPROPERTY TAX BASEPROPERTY TAXESPUBLICPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC POLICIESPUBLIC SAFETYPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSITPUBLIC WORKSRAILRAIL NETWORKRAILWAYRAILWAYSRAPID TRANSITRAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMSREFERENDUMREGIONAL PLANNINGREGIONAL TRANSITREGIONAL TRANSPORTATIONREGULATORY POWERSREVENUE COLLECTIONREVENUE SOURCESROADROADSSANITATIONSAVINGSSERVICE DELIVERYSEWAGESIDEWALKSSIZE OF GOVERNMENTSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL WELFARESOLID WASTE DISPOSALSPECIAL DISTRICTSSTATE GOVERNMENTSTREET LIGHTINGSTRUCTURE OF GOVERNANCESTRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENTSUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLESUBURBSTAXTAX RATESTAX REVENUESTAX SYSTEMTAXISTELECOMMUNICATIONSTOLLTOLL ROADSTOLLSTOWNSHIPSTRAFFICTRAFFIC CONTROLTRAFFIC LIGHTSTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRAINSTRANSPORTTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION AUTHORITYTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMTRIALTRUETUNNELSURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN GOVERNANCEURBAN GOVERNMENTURBAN GROWTHURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN PLANNINGURBAN ROADSURBAN SERVICESURBAN SPRAWLUSER CHARGESVIOLENCEWAGESWATER POLLUTIONWATER SUPPLYWEALTHWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4317