Sheehy, DennisSheehy, CodyJohnson, DougDamiran, DaalkhaijavFiamengo, Marci2017-07-172017-07-172010-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27576The purpose of this report is to examine development trends in the Southern Gobi Region (SGR) as they affect livestock and wildlife. It provides an overview of the environment and natural resources of the region, discusses existing relationships and interactions among humans, livestock, large herbivore wildlife, and the natural resources on which they are dependent. It then explores the impact that economic development of the region is likely to have if that development does not consider the needs of the current users. The importance of rangeland and water resources in this region is illustrated by the case study of herder interactions with the Wild Ass or Khulan. This study found that Mongolians in the SGR, especially pastoralists, are interested in wildlife and can be willing cooperators in conservation, especially if they receive some compensation for their efforts. The general conclusion reached by this report is that direct competition for resources is not now the primary issue affecting the relationship between humans, pastoral livestock and large herbivore wildlife; rather it is the lack or loss of a conservation ethic that provides protection for traditional users of natural resources, enforcement of hunting regulations, and prevents illegal sport hunting that is rapidly reducing populations of large wild herbivores in the region. Although economic development of the region will undoubtedly proceed, having in place an effective and functional natural resource management program is critical.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOANIMALANIMAL BEHAVIORANIMAL DISTRIBUTIONANIMAL FEEDANIMAL HUSBANDRYANIMAL PRODUCTIONANIMAL SPECIESANIMALSANNUAL PRECIPITATIONAQUIFERSARID LANDATLANTIC OCEANBASINBEARBIODIVERSITYBIOMASSBIRDSBIRDS OF PREYCAMELSCARNIVORESCATTLECATTLE SHEEPCLIMATE CHANGECOALCOAL MINECOMMERCIALIZATIONCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCONSERVATIONCONSERVATION ETHICCONSERVATION MANAGEMENTCONSERVATION OF NATURECONSERVATION OF WILDLIFECRITICAL AREASCROP YIELDSCRUDE PROTEINDESERTDESERT AREASDESERT BASINSDESERT LANDDESERT ZONEDESERTSDIVERSITY OF FLORADOMESTIC ANIMALDOMESTIC LIVESTOCKDRINKING WATERDROUGHTDROUGHT PERIODDRY STEPPEECOLOGICAL CONDITIONSECOLOGICAL ZONEECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMICSECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEMSELEVATIONSELKENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL RISKEXPLOITATIONEXTINCTIONFARMFAUNAFENCINGFIELD RESEARCHFIELD WORKFISHFORAGEFORAGE PLANTSFORAGE SUPPLYFORESTFOSSIL FUELSGAZELLEGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATIONGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMGOATGOATSGRASS STEPPEGRASSESGRASSLANDGRAZING LANDGRAZING PRESSUREGREENHOUSE GASGROUNDWATERHABITAT DEGRADATIONHABITAT FRAGMENTATIONHABITATSHARSH WINTERSHERBIVORESHERD POPULATIONSHERD STRUCTUREHERDERHERDERSHERDINGHERDSHIGH DIVERSITYHIGHLANDSHORSEHORSESHUMAN INTRUSIONSHUMAN POPULATIONHUMAN POPULATION GROWTHHUNTINGHUNTING OF WILDLIFEILLEGAL HUNTINGIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGEINTACT POPULATIONSINVASIVE SPECIESISSUESKEY WILDLIFE SPECIESLABOR COSTSLAKELAKESLAND COVERLAND USELANDSCAPELANDSCAPESLARGE PREDATORSLARGE TRACTS OF LANDLITTERLIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK DISTRIBUTIONLIVESTOCK ECONOMIESLIVESTOCK HERDERSLIVESTOCK INDUSTRYLIVESTOCK NUMBERSLIVESTOCK OWNERSHIPLIVESTOCK PRODUCERLIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONLIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMLIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMSLIVESTOCK PRODUCTSLIVESTOCK SPECIESLIVESTOCK SYSTEMLIVESTOCK USELIVING CONDITIONSLOW RAINFALLMARKETING OF LIVESTOCKMEATMETALSMINESMOISTUREMOISTURE CONDITIONSMORTALITY RATESMOUNTAIN RANGESMOUNTAINSMUSK DEERNATIONAL HERDNATIVE HABITATSNATIVE VEGETATIONNATURAL ECOSYSTEMSNATURAL ENVIRONMENTNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCE BASENATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTNEGATIVE IMPACTSNUMBERS OF LIVESTOCKOCEANSOILORGANIC MATTEROVERGRAZINGPASTORAL SYSTEMSPASTORALISTSPASTUREPASTURE PRODUCTIVITYPASTURE RESOURCESPLANTPLANT COMMUNITIESPLANT COMMUNITYPLANT SPECIESPOACHINGPONDSPOPULATION DECLINEPOPULATION DECLINESPRECIPITATIONPREDATORPREDATORSPROTECTIONRAINFALLRANGELANDRANGELAND AREASRANGELAND DEGRADATIONRANGELAND MANAGEMENTRANGELAND RESOURCESRANGELANDSRECYCLINGRED DEERRED LISTREGIONAL ENVIRONMENTROAD NETWORKROAD TRAFFICROADSSAIGA ANTELOPESAND DUNESSEASONAL PASTURESSHEEPSHEEP POPULATIONSMALL-SCALE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONSNOWSNOW LEOPARDSNOW LEOPARDSSOIL COVERSOIL DISTURBANCESPORT HUNTINGSTEPPE AREASSTEPPE ZONESSTOCKING RATESTREAMSSUITABLE HABITATSUMMER PASTURESSURFACE WATERSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE USESUSTAINABLE USE OF RESOURCESTAIGATOURISMTOURISM INDUSTRYUSE OF RANGELANDVEGETATIONVEGETATION COVERVEGETATION PRODUCTIVITYVEGETATION RESOURCESVETERINARYVETERINARY CAREWATER AVAILABILITYWATER REQUIREMENTSWATER RESOURCESWATER SOURCEWATER SOURCESWATER USEWATER USERSWATER WITHDRAWALWELLSWILD ASSWILD HORSEWILDLIFEWILDLIFE HABITATWILDLIFE NEEDSWILDLIFE POPULATIONWILDLIFE POPULATIONSWILDLIFE SPECIESWIND EROSIONWIND SPEEDWOLVESWOOLWOOL PRODUCTIONYOUNG STOCKWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/27576