Elbers, ChrisLanjouw, Jean O.Lanjouw, Peter2014-08-012014-08-012002-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19218The authors construct and derive the properties of estimators of welfare that take advantage of the detailed information about living standards available in small household surveys and the comprehensive coverage of a census or large sample. By combining the strengths of each, the estimators can be used at a remarkably disaggregated level. They have a clear interpretation, are mutually comparable, and can be assessed for reliability using standard statistical theory. Using data from Ecuador, the authors obtain estimates of welfare measures, some of which are quite reliable for populations as small as 15,000 households--a "town." They provide simple illustrations of their use. Such estimates open up the possibility of testing, at a more convincing intra-country level, the many recent models relating welfare distributions to growth and a variety of socioeconomic and political outcomes.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOANALYSIS OF POVERTYASYMPTOTIC DISTRIBUTIONAUTOCORRELATIONBIASESCALCULATIONCAPITA EXPENDITURECAPITAL MARKETSCENSUS ENUMERATION AREACENSUS HOUSEHOLDSCENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMCLUSTER CORRELATIONCOMPUTATIONCOMPUTATION ERRORCONSUMPTION MODELCORRELATIONSCOVARIANCEDECENTRALIZATIONDEGREE OF INEQUALITYDELTA METHODDEVELOPMENT RESEARCHDEVELOPMENT RESEARCH GROUPDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTHDISTURBANCE TERMECONOMETRICSECONOMIC OUTCOMESENUMERATIONEQUATIONSESTIMATORSEXPECTED VALUEEXPECTED VALUESEXPENDITURE MODELEXPERIMENTSEXPLANATORY VARIABLESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFIRST STAGE MODELGINI COEFFICIENTGROWTH MODELSHETEROSCEDASTICITYHOMOSCEDASTICITYHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD-LEVELHOUSEHOLDSHYPOTHESESIDIOSYNCRATIC COMPONENTIDIOSYNCRATIC ERRORINCOMEINDICATOR FUNCTIONINDICATOR OF POVERTYINEQUALITY MEASURESKURTOSISLEVEL ESTIMATION OF WELFARELIVING STANDARDSMATRIXMEASURE OF POVERTYMODELINGMONTE CARLO SIMULATIONNATIONAL INCOMENUMERICAL INTEGRATIONOUTLIERSPARAMETER ESTIMATESPARAMETRIC APPROACHPERTURBATIONPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION PARAMETERSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY RATEPRECISIONPREDICTIONPROBABILITYRANDOM VARIABLESREGRESSORSRELIABILITYRESEARCH WORKING PAPERSRESEARCHERSSAMPLE DESIGNSAMPLING ERRORSSIMULATIONSIMULATIONSSKEWNESSSMALLER GROUPSSPATIAL CORRELATIONSTANDARD ERRORSTANDARD ERRORSSTATISTICAL THEORYSURVEY DATATIME SERIESVARIANCE-COVARIANCE MATRIXWAGESWEALTH10.1596/1813-9450-2911