Ortiz-Juarez, EduardoLustig, NoraLopez-Calva, Luis F.2013-01-042013-01-042012-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12089Between 2000 and 2010, the Gini coefficient declined in 13 of 17 Latin American countries. The decline was statistically significant and robust to changes in the time interval, inequality measures, and data sources. In-depth country studies for Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico suggest two main phenomena underlie this trend: a fall in the premium to skilled labor and more progressive government transfers. The fall in the premium to skills resulted from a combination of supply, demand, and institutional factors. Their relative importance depends on the country.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGACTIVE LABORACTIVE LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIESADVANCED COUNTRIESAGE GROUPANNUAL % CHANGEANTI-POVERTYANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMSAVERAGE CHANGECAPITAL GAINSCAPITAL MARKETCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCOLLECTIVE BARGAININGCOUNTERFACTUALDECLINING INEQUALITYDECOMPOSITION ANALYSISDECOMPOSITION RESULTSDEMAND-SIDEDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMENEARNINGEARNINGS INEQUALITYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC RECOVERYECONOMIC REVIEWEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL LEVELEDUCATIONAL LEVELSELASTICITYEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEQUAL DISTRIBUTIONEQUAL WEIGHTEQUALIZING EFFECTEQUALIZING IMPACTEXOGENOUS CHANGESEXTREME POVERTYFOOD PRICESFREE TRADEGDPGINI COEFFICIENTGLOBAL POVERTYGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHIGH GROWTHHOUSEHOLD HEADSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOME INEQUALITYHOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCIDENCE ANALYSISINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME DISTRIBUTIONSINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME SOURCEINCOME SOURCESINCOMESINEQUALITYINEQUALITY CHANGESINEQUALITY MEASUREINEQUALITY MEASURESINEQUALITY REDUCTIONINTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINEINTERNATIONAL TRADEJOB CREATIONJOBSLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR INCOMELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONSLABOR MARKET POLICIESLABOR MARKET SEGMENTATIONLABOR MARKETSLABOR RELATIONSLABOR SUPPLYLABOR UNIONLABOR UNIONSLABOR-INTENSIVE GROWTHLABOURLABOUR MARKETMARKET IMPERFECTIONSMEASURING INEQUALITYMINIMUM WAGEMINIMUM WAGESNEGATIVE IMPACTNUTRITIONOPPORTUNITY COSTPENSIONSPER CAPITA GROWTHPER CAPITA INCOMESPERSONAL INCOMEPERSONAL INCOME TAXESPOLICY CHANGESPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOORPOOR FAMILIESPOOR GROWTHPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOSITIVE EFFECTPOSITIVE IMPACTPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY PROGRAMSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRICE STABILIZATIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE TRANSFERSPRODUCTIVITYPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC TRANSFERSREAL WAGESREDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACTREGRESSION ANALYSISRELATIVE DEMANDRELATIVE IMPORTANCERELATIVE SUPPLYRELATIVE WAGESRENTSRISING INEQUALITYRISING WAGE INEQUALITYRURALRURAL AREASRURAL WORKERSSANITATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLINGSECTORAL COMPOSITIONSIGNIFICANCE LEVELSIMULATIONSSKILL LEVELSKILL PREMIUMSKILLED LABORSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMSSOCIAL SPENDINGSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENTSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMSTARGETED TRANSFERSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNION ACTIVITYUNION MEMBERSHIPUNSKILLED LABORUNSKILLED WORKERSWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWAGE DISTRIBUTIONWAGE GAPWAGE STRUCTUREWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6248