Braimoh, AdemolaAlamzai, AmanullahNajum, Najumuddin2025-10-222025-10-222025-10-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43882Afghanistan stands at a critical crossroads. As of early 2025, nearly 15 million people are facing acute food insecurity, with 3.1 million already in emergency conditions. These figures are not just numbers; they reflect a deepening crisis of hunger, collapsing rural livelihoods, and systemic fragility that threaten the country’s long-term stability. The situation is particularly dire for vulnerable groups, with over 1.2 million pregnant and breastfeeding women and 3.5 million children under five suffering from acute malnutrition. This is not simply the consequence of isolated shocks but the result of a complex web of climate-induced stress, economic contraction, gender exclusion, and institutional disintegration. In this context, the Afghanistan Climate-Smart Agriculture Action Plan (CSAAP) emerges as a vital instrument to address urgent needs while laying the foundation for resilient, inclusive, and sustainable rural development.en-USCC BY-NC 3.0 IGOAGRIFOOD SYSTEMSCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSLIVELIHOOD RESILIENCEWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/43882