World Bank2013-03-212013-03-212012https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12853This paper examines the opportunities, challenges and constraints of undertaking community-based development (CBD) programming in Timor-Leste, particularly through the lens of community-based provision of economically productive infrastructure. During an extended period of weak central governance in the aftermath of Timor Leste s turbulent independence struggle, external actors mainly foreign donor agencies and international NGOs broadly favoring a community-based approach played a dominant role in the country s reconstruction. In light of Timor Leste s political history and geographic isolation, it is not surprising that weak social capital and logistical obstacles have hampered CBD efforts, leaving Timor Leste with a mixed track record of success. Based on a longitudinal stock taking of CBD projects and face-to-face interviews with key actors in government, NGOs and the donor community, three specific initiatives are examined in detail with a view to elucidating key successes, constraints and opportunities as well as lessons learned that can inform the shifting policy environment.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCOUNTABILITYAUTHORITYCAPCAPACITY BUILDINGCITIZENCITIZENSCIVIL SOCIETYCLEAN WATERCLINICSCOLLECTIVE ACTIONCOMMUNITIESCOMMUNITY ACTIONCOMMUNITY ACTION PLANNINGCOMMUNITY BASED APPROACHESCOMMUNITY BASED DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY BASED INITIATIVESCOMMUNITY BASED METHODSCOMMUNITY BASED PLANNINGCOMMUNITY BUILDINGCOMMUNITY CAPACITYCOMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONSCOMMUNITY CONTROLCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY DYNAMICSCOMMUNITY EMPOWERMENTCOMMUNITY FACILITATORSCOMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURECOMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTCOMMUNITY LEADERSCOMMUNITY MANAGEMENTCOMMUNITY MEETINGSCOMMUNITY MEMBERSCOMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONCOMMUNITY OWNERSHIPCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY PLANNINGCOMMUNITY STRUCTURECOMMUNITY STRUCTURESCOMMUNITY SUPPORTCOMMUNITY WATER SUPPLYCOMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENTCONFLICT RESOLUTIONCONSTITUENCYCONSTITUTIONCONSULTATIONCOUNCILSDECENTRALIZATIONDECISION MAKINGDECISION-MAKERSDECISION-MAKINGDECISION-MAKING BODYDECISION-MAKING PROCESSESDECREEDEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCEDEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATIONDISTRICTSDRINKING WATERECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTENGINEERSENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTSEQUALITYEXECUTIONEXPENDITUREFACILITATORSFEMALEFIELD TESTINGFIELD VISITSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFISCAL POLICYFISHERIESFLOW OF FUNDSFOREIGN AIDFORESTRYGENDERGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE DIMENSIONSGOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONSGOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATIONGOVERNMENT AUTHORITIESGOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTSGOVERNMENT EFFORTSGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONSGOVERNMENT OFFICIALSGOVERNMENT POLICYGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONHOMESHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPACITYHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RESOURCEIMPLEMENTING AGENCIESINCOMEINFORMATION DISSEMINATIONINHABITANTSINTERMEDIARIESINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERVENTIONINTERVENTIONSKEY ACTORSLEGISLATIONLESSONS LEARNEDLEVELS OF GOVERNMENTLITERACY RATESLIVING STANDARDSLOBBYINGLOCAL CAPACITYLOCAL COMMUNITIESLOCAL COMMUNITYLOCAL GOVERNANCELOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSMINISTRIES OF TRANSPORTMINISTRY OF FINANCENATIONAL ELECTIONSNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL POLICYNATIONSNATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNEEDS ASSESSMENTNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSOCCUPATIONOILPARTICIPATORY APPROACHESPARTICIPATORY METHODSPARTICIPATORY PLANNINGPOLICY ENVIRONMENTPOLITICAL INTERFERENCEPOLITICAL POWERPRIMARY SCHOOLPROCUREMENTPROJECT APPRAISALPROJECT IMPLEMENTATIONPROJECT PREPARATIONPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC BUILDINGSPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCEPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERYQUOTASREFERENDUMREHABILITATIONREPRESENTATIVESRESIDENCESRESOURCE ALLOCATIONSRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL ACTIONSOCIAL CAPITALSOCIAL CONFLICTSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL FUNDSSOCIAL GROUPSSOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURESTATE ADMINISTRATIONSTATE AUTHORITYSTATE BUDGETSTATE FAILURESTREAMSTELEPHONESTELEVISIONTRADITIONAL LEADERSTRANSPARENCYTRANSPARENT MECHANISMSTRANSPARENT MONITORINGTRANSPARENT PROCEDURESVILLAGE DEVELOPMENTVILLAGE LEVELVILLAGESVOTINGWOMEN FACILITATORSYOUTHYOUTH DEVELOPMENTO&MWorld Bank10.1596/12853