Otto, KateShekar, MeeraHerbst, Christopher H.Mohammed, Rianna2015-04-082015-04-082015-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21710Information and communication technologies (ICT) for health or eHealth solutions hold great potential for generating systemic efficiencies by strengthening five critical pillars of a health system: human resources for health, supply chain management, health care financing, governance and service delivery, and infrastructure. This report describes the changing landscape of eHealth initiatives through these five pillars, with a geographic focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. This report further details seven criteria, or prerequisites, that must be considered and addressed in order to effectively establish and scale up ICT-based solutions in the health sector. These criteria include infrastructure, data and interoperability standards, local capacity, policy and regulatory environments, an appropriate business model, alignment of partnerships and priorities, and monitoring and evaluation. In order to bring specific examples of these criteria to light, this report concludes with 12 specific case studies of potentially scalable ICT-based health care solutions currently being implemented across the globe at community, national, and regional levels. This report is intended to be used by development practitioners, including task team leaders at the World Bank, to strengthen their understanding of the use of ICT to support health systems strengthening (HSS) efforts as well as to highlight critical prerequisites needed to optimize the benefits of ICT for health.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCESS TO THE INTERNETACTION PLANACTION PLANSADVERTISINGANALOGAUTHENTICATIONBANDWIDTHBARCODESBASICBEST PRACTICESBIRTH ATTENDANTBIRTH ATTENDANTSBLOGBUSINESS MODELBUSINESS MODELSBUSINESSESCAPABILITIESCAPACITY BUILDINGCHILD HEALTHCLINICSCODINGCOMMODITIESCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIESCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNITIESCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMMUNITY PORTALCOMPONENTSCOMPUTER SYSTEMSCOMPUTERSCONNECTIVITYCUSTOMIZATIONDATA ANALYSISDATA ENTRYDATA TRANSMISSIONDATA TRANSMISSIONSDAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONSDECISION MAKINGDECISION SUPPORT TOOLSDELIVERY SYSTEMDELIVERY SYSTEMSDEVICESDIGITALDIGITAL ASSISTANTDIGITAL CONTENTDIGITAL DEVELOPMENTDIGITAL INFRASTRUCTUREDISTRIBUTION CHANNELE-LEARNINGE-MAILELECTRICITYEND USERSEND-USERENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNINGEQUIPMENTFAMILY PLANNINGFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFINANCIAL TRANSACTIONSFUNCTIONALITYGLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMGOVERNMENT OFFICESGPSGROWTH STRATEGYHARDWAREHARMONIZATIONHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE ACCESSHEALTH CARE EXPENDITURESHEALTH CARE FINANCINGHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH EXTENSIONHEALTH INFORMATIONHEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH MANAGEMENTHEALTH ORGANIZATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SPECIALISTHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENINGHOSPITALSHUMAN CAPACITYHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCEHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESICTIMPLEMENTATION PLANSIMPLEMENTATIONSINCOMEINFORMATICSINFORMATION FLOWSINFORMATION SERVICEINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM STANDARDSINFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONINNOVATIONSINSTALLATIONINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONAL SUPPORTINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSINTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSEINTERCONNECTIVITYINTEROPERABILITYINTERVENTIONINVENTORYINVENTORY MANAGEMENTIVRJAVAKNOW-HOWKNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENTKNOWLEDGE SHARINGLEGAL FRAMEWORKLICENSESLISTSERVSLOCALIZATIONLOGISTICS SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT SOFTWAREMANAGEMENT SYSTEMMARKET DEMANDMARKET OPPORTUNITIESMARKETINGMATERIALMEDICINESMENUSMESSAGINGMIDWIFERYMOBILE NETWORKMOBILE NETWORKSMOBILE PHONEMOBILE PHONESMOBILE TELEPHONYNETWORK ORGANIZATIONNETWORKSNEW MARKETNEW TECHNOLOGIESNURSESNUTRITIONONLINE NETWORKOPEN SOURCE SOFTWAREOPEN STANDARDSOPERATING SYSTEMPARADIGM SHIFTPATIENTPATIENTSPAYMENT SYSTEMSPDFPENETRATION RATEPERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTUREPHYSICIANSPILOT PROJECTPILOT PROJECTSPOLICY FRAMEWORKSPOSTERSPOWER SUPPLIESPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMENPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTORSPROCUREMENTPRODUCT AVAILABILITYPROGRAMMINGPROTOCOLPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH CAREPUBLISHINGRADIOREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTSREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRELIABILITYREPRODUCTIVE HEALTHRESULTRESULTSSATELLITESATELLITE CONNECTIONSSATELLITESSEARCHABLE DATABASESERVERSSERVICE PROVIDERSSEXUAL HEALTHSIMULATIONSITESSMART CARDSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTSOURCE CODESUPERVISIONSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS MANAGEMENTTAXONOMYTECHNICAL EXPERTISETECHNICAL SUPPORTTECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURETECHNOLOGY PARKTELECOMTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURETELEPHONETELEPHONE SERVICETERMINALSUSERUSER COMMUNITYUSER IDSUSERSUSESVACCINATIONVERIFICATIONVIDEOSWASTEWEBWEBSITEWEBSITESWELLNESSWORKERSWORKSTATIONSWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/21710