World Bank2014-11-192014-11-192014-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20584Much of the current debate around the recent economic crisis in the Arab Republic of Egypt has focused on unemployment. Although unemployment is an important marker of labor market health, the jobs problem in Egypt precedes the recent crisis and is manifested markedly in other labor market metrics. Indeed, the link between growth and unemployment in Egypt is weak, particularly for men. This chapter argues that the reason for this weak link is partly related to decades of flawed industrial policies that have discouraged investment in employment-generating activities. Industrial policies, including those implemented in the mid-2000s, were never focused on mitigating market failures to promote the emergence of fast-growing, high-productivity firms. Instead, they have worked to preserve insider privileges, leading to growth in sectors that are not labor intensive. Policy makers therefore need to look beyond supply-side focused labor market policies to accelerate employment growth.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADJUSTMENT POLICIESADVERSE EFFECTSAGE CATEGORYAGE DISTRIBUTIONAGGREGATE DEMANDAGRICULTUREBANKRUPTCYBULLETINCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCOMPETITION POLICYCOMPETITIVENESSCONSUMERSCRISESCURRENT POPULATIONCYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENTDEBTDECISION MAKINGDEMOGRAPHIC GROWTHDEREGULATIONDEVALUATIONDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDISABILITYDISTORTED INCENTIVESDOMESTIC WORKERSEARLY RETIREMENTECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIC SECTORSECONOMIC SHOCKSECONOMIC STRUCTUREECONOMIC VULNERABILITIESECONOMICSEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL LEVELSEMPLOYEREMPLOYMENT CREATIONEMPLOYMENT GENERATIONEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPLOYMENT GUARANTEEEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESEMPLOYMENT POLICIESEMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPEMPLOYMENT SHAREEMPLOYMENT STATUSENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITYEXPORT MARKETSEXPORTSEXTREME POVERTYFAIR ACCESSFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFERTILITYFINANCIAL CRISESFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL SECTORFIRM ENTRYFIRM SIZEFISCAL POLICYFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFULL EMPLOYMENTGDPGDP PER CAPITAGENDERGENDER GAPSGENDER INEQUALITYGNPGOVERNMENT BONDSGOVERNMENT REGULATIONGROWTH RATEHEALTH INSURANCEHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALINCOMEINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIAL LABORINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIONINDUSTRIALIZATIONINFORMAL EMPLOYMENTINFORMAL SECTORINNOVATIONINTENSIVE INDUSTRIESINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTJOB CREATIONJOB OPPORTUNITIESJOB SECURITYJOB STATUSJOBSJOBS CRISISLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR LAWSLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKET POLICIESLABOR MARKETSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR SHORTAGESLABOR STATISTICSLABOR-INTENSIVE PRODUCTIONLABORERSLABOURLEGAL PROTECTIONLIFETIME JOB SECURITYLOW UNEMPLOYMENTLOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATESMACROECONOMIC ANALYSISMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENTMACROECONOMICSMALE WORKERSMANPOWERMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIESMARKET ECONOMIESMARKET FAILURESMICRO ENTERPRISESMIGRANTMIGRATIONMINIMUM WAGEMODERNIZATIONMONOPOLIESMONOPOLYNATIONAL SECURITYNDPNET JOB CREATIONNUMBER OF WORKERSOLD AGEOPEN DOOROPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOROPPORTUNITY COSTOVERVALUATIONPENSIONSPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL DECISIONPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOPULATION DISTRIBUTIONPOPULATION GROWTHPRESS RELEASEPRIVATE EMPLOYMENTPRIVATE ENTERPRISESPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEESPRIVATE SECTOR JOBPRIVATE SECTORSPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTION PROCESSPRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTPROGRESSPUBLIC EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEEPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEESPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC SECTOR JOBPUBLIC SECTOR JOBSRADIORATE OF GROWTHREAL GDPREGIONAL POLICYREMITTANCEREMITTANCESRENTSRESPECTRETAIL TRADERETIREMENTSAFETYSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSSELF EMPLOYEDSERVANTSSKILLED LABORSOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL FUNDSOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL UNRESTSPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESTEENTELECOMMUNICATIONSTEMPORARY WORKERSTOTAL EMPLOYMENTTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTRADE BARRIERSTRANSPORTATIONTVUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTIONUNFAIR COMPETITIONUSER FEESVALUE ADDEDWAGE GAPWAGE POLICYWAGE STRUCTUREWAGESWARWEALTHWORK FORCEWORKERWORKERSWORKFORCEWORKING-AGE POPULATIONYOUNG PEOPLEYOUNG WOMENYOUNG WORKERSYOUTH UNEMPLOYMENTYOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES10.1596/20584