Andersen, Lykke E.Verner, Dorte2012-03-192012-03-192009-10-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4284This paper analyzes the direct evidence of climate change in Bolivia during the past 60 years, and estimates how these changes have affected life expectancy and consumption levels for each of the 311 municipalities in Bolivia. Contrary to the predictions of most general circulation models, the evidence shows a consistent cooling trend of about 0.2°C per decade over all highland areas, slight and scattered evidence of warming in the lowlands, and no systematic changes in precipitation. The estimations indicate that the 1°C cooling experienced in the already cold highlands over the past five decades likely has reduced consumption possibilities by about 2-3 percent in these areas. Since the much richer population in the lowlands have benefitted slightly from recent climate change, the simulations suggest that recent climate change has contributed to an increase in inequality and poverty in Bolivia. Poor and indigenous peoples in the highlands are among the most severely affected populations. No statistically significant effect on life expectancy was found.CC BY 3.0 IGOAGGREGATE LEVELALTITUDEANNUAL PRECIPITATIONATMOSPHERIC CLIMATEAVERAGE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONCALCULATIONCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOCLIMATE CHANGESCLIMATE DATACLIMATE IMPACTSCLIMATE MODELSCLIMATE VARIABILITYCLIMATE VARIABLESCLIMATESCLIMATIC CONDITIONSCLIMATIC DATACLIMATOLOGYCLOUD COVERCLOUDSCOLD CLIMATESDAILY TEMPERATUREDESERTSDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDRY SEASONECONOMIC GROWTHEFFECT OF TEMPERATUREELECTRICITYEMISSIONEMISSION ABATEMENTENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONFROSTFUTURE CLIMATE CHANGEGLACIAL MELTGLACIERSGLOBAL TEMPERATURESGLOBAL WARMINGHARSH CLIMATESHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN SETTLEMENTSICEICE AGEICE CORESIMPACT OF CLIMATEIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEINCOMEINDIGENOUS PEOPLEINDIGENOUS PEOPLESINDIGENOUS POPULATIONSINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGEIPCCIRRADIATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLOCAL CLIMATESMETEOROLOGICAL STATIONSMIGRATIONMORTALITYNATIONAL LEVELOXYGENPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOPULATION SIZEPPPRECIPITATIONPRECIPITATION ANOMALIESPROGRESSPURCHASING POWERRAINRAINFORESTREGIONAL CLIMATEREGIONAL CLIMATE PROJECTIONSRELATIVE HUMIDITYRESOURCE ECONOMICSRESPECTSCENARIOSSCIENTIFIC CONSENSUSSEA LEVELSEASONSNOWFALLSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSUMMER TEMPERATURESSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTEMPERATURETEMPERATURE ANOMALIESTEMPERATURE ANOMALYTEMPERATURE CHANGETEMPERATURE CHANGESTEMPERATURE DATATEMPERATURE RANGETEMPERATURE RECORDSTEMPERATURE VARIABLESTEMPERATURE VARIATIONSTROPICAL CLIMATETROPICSURBAN AREASURBANIZATIONVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGEWEATHERWEATHER STATIONSWINTER TEMPERATURESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5092