Muzi, SilviaCirera, Xavier2016-06-142016-06-142016-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/24531Little is known about innovation in developing countries, partly because of the lack of comparable and reliable data. Collecting data on firm-level innovation is challenging because of the subjective definition of what determines an innovation, a problem that is exacerbated in developing countries where innovation is likely to be more incremental and less radical. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting the results of an experiment aiming to identify the survey instrument that better captures firm-level innovation in developing countries. The paper shows that a small set of questions included in a multi-topic, firm-level survey does not provide an accurate picture of firm-level innovation and tends to overestimate innovation rates. Issues related to framing explain some of the unreliability of innovation responses, while cognitive problems do not appear to play a significant role.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOFOCUS GROUPSMARKETING STRATEGIESINNOVATIVE BEHAVIORDISCUSSIONCONTEXT OF INNOVATIONINFERENCEDIFFERENT TYPES OF INNOVATIONEQUIPMENTINTANGIBLE ASSETSKNOWLEDGE ACTIVITIESDIFFERENT TYPES OF INNOVATIONBEHAVIORSPOLICY FRAMEWORKDIRECT SALESACCURATE PICTURE OF INNOVATIONEXTERNAL KNOWLEDGEINNOVATION INDICATORSBUSINESS MANAGERSINCREMENTAL INNOVATIONENTERPRISE SURVEYSDATA COLLECTIONDIGITALIZATIONFINANCIAL SUPPORTINFORMATIONINNOVATION SURVEYSCOPYRIGHTSENTERPRISE SURVEYSECONOMICS OF INNOVATIONNEW PRODUCTSINNOVATIVE EFFORTSTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONBUSINESS MODELSBUSINESS MODELSSTRUCTURESPRIVATE SECTORCONCEPT OF INNOVATIONINNOVATION OUTCOMESVERIFICATIONLEADINGORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURESPICTURE OF INNOVATIONONLINE STOREINNOVATION CONCEPTSOPEN ACCESSENABLING ENVIRONMENTINNOVATION INPUTSKNOWLEDGETRANSLATIONPROCESS INNOVATIONSDATAWORKPLACEINNOVATION OUTPUTSINNOVATION INDICATORSINCREMENTAL INNOVATIONINNOVATION STRATEGIESNEW PRODUCTPRODUCTIVITYKNOWLEDGE ASSETSEXPERTSIDEASMARKETINGDOCUMENTSCREATIVE DESTRUCTIONCOMPETENCIESORGANIZATIONAL CHANGESCAPITAL ASSETSINNOVATION CONCEPTSPROCESS INNOVATIONINNOVATION PROCESSORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESPROCESSPRACTICEDATABASESTYPES OF KNOWLEDGEINSIGHTSEFFICIENCYCAPABILITIESINNOVATIVE FIRMSMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYRDINNOVATION EFFORTSHUMAN CAPITALRELIABILITYBALANCE‐SHEETINDUSTRY SCOREBOARDDELIVERY METHODINNOVATION  PROCESSDISCUSSIONSINTERNATIONAL TRADEPRODUCTIVE WORKPRODUCT INNOVATIONSSOFTWARETECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTRESULTSPARTICIPATIONORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATIONCOMPETITIVENESSKNOWLEDGE CAPITALCREATIVE DESTRUCTIONPROCESSESNETWORKSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTIONNEWSLETTERTRANSFORMATION OF KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE CAPITALINNOVATION OUTPUTSINNOVATIVE FIRMSPRIVATE SECTORDATA COLLECTIONCORPORATE ALLIANCESORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURESCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKASSUMPTIONSEXTERNAL KNOWLEDGEBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTPRODUCT INNOVATIONSPRODUCT INNOVATIONCORPORATE ALLIANCESHUMAN CAPITALRESULTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTCAPITAL ASSETSICTUNDERSTANDINGLICENSESSCIENCE FOUNDATIONNETWORKBUSINESSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYPERFORMANCEBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTINTUITIONPRODUCT INNOVATIONINNOVATIONFINANCIAL SUPPORTINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINNOVATION SURVEYSCONCEPTSFIRM GROWTHNEW” PRODUCTSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYTECHNOLOGIESPROCESS INNOVATIONINTANGIBLE ASSETSEXPERT OPINIONUSESINNOVATIONSWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-7696