Anderson, KymMartin, Will2012-06-252012-06-252005-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8938Anderson and Martin examine the extent to which various regions, and the world as a whole, could gain from multilateral trade reform over the next decade. They use the World Bank's linkage model of the global economy to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the World Trade Organization's Doha round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (and in Cairns Group countries) proportionately more than in other developing countries or high-income countries. Real returns to farm land and unskilled labor and real net farm incomes would rise substantially in those developing country regions, thereby alleviating poverty. A Doha partial liberalization could take the world some way toward those desirable outcomes, but more so the more agricultural subsidies are disciplined and applied tariffs are cut.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESSIONACCESSION TO WTOAGRICULTURAL DISTORTIONSAGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIESAGRICULTURAL EXPORTSAGRICULTURAL GOODSAGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATIONAGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESSAGRICULTURAL MARKETSAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL POLICIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIESAGRICULTURAL TARIFFAGRICULTURAL TARIFFSAGRICULTURAL TRADEAGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATIONAGRICULTURAL TRADE REFORMAGRICULTURAL ­ TRADEAGRICULTUREAPPLIED TARIFFAVERAGE TARIFFBILATERAL TRADECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECONCESSIONSCONSUMER PRICE INDEXCONSUMER PRICESCOUNTRY CASE STUDYCOUNTRY MARKETSDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT AGENDADOMESTIC SUPPORTDUMPINGECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC REVIEWECONOMIES OF SCALEECONOMYELASTICITYEMPIRICAL ANALYSISEMPLOYMENTEQUILIBRIUMEXPORT PRICEEXPORT SUBSIDIESEXPORT SUBSIDYEXPORTERSEXPORTSEXTREME POVERTYFACTOR PRICEFARM HOUSEHOLDSFARMSFREE ACCESSFULL LIBERALIZATIONGDPGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELINGGLOBALGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL EXPORTSGLOBAL IMPACTGLOBAL TRADEGLOBAL TRADE ANALYSISHEADCOUNT INDEXHIGH TARIFFSHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSIMPORT BARRIERSIMPORT TARIFFSIMPORTSINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME HOUSEHOLDSINCREASED COMPETITIONINTERNATIONAL TRADELDCSMARKET ACCESSMARKET OPENINGMERCHANDISE TRADE LIBERALIZATIONMULTILATERAL DISCIPLINESMULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONSMULTILATERAL TRADEMULTILATERAL TRADE REFORMNON-AGRICULTURAL TARIFFSNON-DISCRIMINATIONNON-TARIFF BARRIERSPARTIAL LIBERALIZATIONPOLICY CHANGESPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY MEASURESPOLICY REFORMPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR LIVINGPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY HEADCOUNTPOVERTY IMPACTPREFERENTIAL ACCESSPREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTSPREFERENTIAL TRADEPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTSPRICE INDEXPRICE SUPPORTPRODUCERSPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATIONPRODUCTIVITYPROTECTION DATAPROTECTION RATESPROTECTIONIST POLICIESQUOTA TARIFFQUOTASREAL EXCHANGE RATERECIPROCITYRELATIVE IMPORTANCERESOURCE USEROUND AGREEMENTRULES OF ORIGINSTATE TRADINGSUB-SAHARAN AFRICATARIFF BARRIERSTARIFF BINDINGSTARIFF CUTSTARIFF PREFERENCESTARIFF PROTECTIONTARIFF RATETARIFF RATE QUOTASTARIFF RATESTARIFF REDUCTIONSTARIFF REVENUESTAXATIONTERMS OF TRADETRADE BARRIERSTRADE DIVERSIONTRADE EXPANSIONTRADE FACILITATIONTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE LIBERALIZATIONSTRADE NEGOTIATIONSTRADE POLICYTRADE REFORMTRADE REFORMSTRADE VALUESUNILATERAL TRADEUNSKILLED LABORUNSKILLED WORKERSURUGUAY ROUNDWAGESWELFARE GAINSWELFARE LOSSESWORLD ECONOMYWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWTO AGREEMENTWTO MEMBERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3607