Liu, YanyanYamauchi, Futoshi2013-01-042013-01-042012-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12109This paper examines the long-term impacts of improved school quality at the elementary school stage on subsequent schooling investments and labor market outcomes using unique data from a recent survey that tracked students in the Philippines. The empirical results, which are based on a comparison of students who graduated from schools located in adjacent treatment and control areas before and after a school intervention, show significant differences in subsequent schooling investments, migration, and labor market earnings between females and males. That is, females study more (relative to males) and tend to migrate and earn more if they receive high-quality educational investments at an early stage. The above results are consistent with females' greater incentives to study, driven by their higher returns to schooling, especially after high school completion, observed in the labor market.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABILITY OF STUDENTSACCESS TO MARKETACHIEVEMENT TEST SCORESADULTSAGE GROUPSBASIC EDUCATIONBASIC EDUCATION SYSTEMBOARDINGCAPITAL ASSETSCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCAPITAL STOCKCLASS SIZECLASSROOMCLASSROOMSCOLLEGE DEGREECOLLEGE ENTRANCECOLLEGE LEVELCREDIT MARKETDISCRIMINATIONDROPOUT RATEEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY EDUCATIONECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMICS OF EDUCATIONEDUCATED STUDENTSEDUCATION DEPARTMENTEDUCATION DIVISIONEDUCATION DIVISIONSEDUCATION MATERIALSEDUCATION OUTCOMESEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL INVESTMENTSEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMESELEMENTARY EDUCATIONELEMENTARY SCHOOLELEMENTARY SCHOOLSEMPLOYMENTEQUALITYEXPENDITURESFAMILY INCOMEFEMALE SCHOOLINGFEMALE STUDENTSGENDERGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER GAPGENDER GAPSHIGH SCHOOLHIGH SCHOOL EDUCATIONHIGH SCHOOLSHIGHER EDUCATIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL EARNINGSHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATIONHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTHUMAN RESOURCESIDINDEXESINEQUALITYINFORMATION MANAGEMENTINFORMATION SYSTEMINTEREST RATEINTERNATIONAL BANKINVESTMENT DECISIONSINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR FORCE SURVEYLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLEARNINGLEARNING ACHIEVEMENTLEARNING ACHIEVEMENTSLEARNING OUTCOMESLITERATURENUMBER OF REPETITIONSNUMBER OF STUDENTSNUTRITIONOPEN ACCESSPAPERSPERFORMANCE OF STUDENTSPHYSICAL ASSETSPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE INVESTMENTSPRIVATE SCHOOLPRIVATE SCHOOLSPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUPIL­TEACHER RATIOQUALITY EDUCATIONQUALITY OF TEACHERSQUALITY STUDENTSRESEARCH INSTITUTERESEARCHERSRETURNS TO EDUCATIONSCHOOL BUILDINGSCHOOL BUILDINGSSCHOOL COMPLETIONSCHOOL DISTRICTSSCHOOL EDUCATIONSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL ENTRYSCHOOL FACILITIESSCHOOL FEESSCHOOL FINANCESCHOOL GOVERNANCESCHOOL LEVELSCHOOL LOCATIONSCHOOL PERFORMANCESCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTSCHOOL SURVEYSSCHOOL YEARSCHOOL YEARSSCHOOLINGSCHOOLSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL LEARNINGSTAGES OF EDUCATIONSTUDENT ABILITIESSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENTSTUDENT ENROLLMENTSTUDENT LEARNINGTEACHERTEACHER TRAININGTEACHERSTEACHINGTEACHING SKILLSTEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK DISTRIBUTIONTEXTBOOKSTRAINING OF TEACHERSTUITIONVILLAGEWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWORK EXPERIENCEWORK OPPORTUNITIESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6247