Gadde, HarikumarPlatonova-Oquab, AlexandrinaAffouda, Leon BiaouGodin, JulieOppermann, Klaus2014-02-102014-02-102011-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16967New concepts under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), namely standardized baselines and suppressed demand, should facilitate the implementation of CDM energy access projects, particularly in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), by reducing transaction costs and reflecting the real emission reductions achieved. Governments and authorities in LDCs can play a prominent role in making these new CDM opportunities available. The improvement of the regulatory framework can facilitate the development of innovative carbon-based financing schemes required for successful scaling-up of CDM energy access projects in LDCs. The main purpose of this paper is to outline how the new CDM concepts of standardized baselines and suppressed demand may be used to promote energy access projects under the CDM, in the context of new and expanded role of host country Designated National Authorities (DNAs). In the process, the paper also identifies challenges in the use of these concepts and opportunities for further simplification. By way of illustration, one specific energy access technology, solar home systems, is analyzed in detail. The paper is organized as follows: chapter one is introduction; chapter two provides an overview of the current status of CDM projects in LDCs; chapter three introduces energy access projects in LDCs; chapter four outlines new approaches under the CDM for energy access projects; chapter five goes into the challenges for the application of standardized baselines in LDCs; and chapter six gives recommendations on implementing the new CDM concepts.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENTABATEMENT POTENTIALACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO ENERGYAIRAIR POLLUTIONAPPROACHAVAILABILITYBASELINE EMISSIONBASELINE EMISSIONSBATTERY CHARGINGBIOMASSBIOMASS PLANTSBLACK CARBONCALORIFIC VALUECAR BATTERIESCARBONCARBON CREDITINGCARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONCARBON EMISSION FACTORCARBON EMISSION REDUCTIONSCARBON FINANCECARBON FUNDCARBON INTENSITYCARBON MARKETSCARBON PRICECARBON REDUCTIONCARBON REVENUESCLEAN DEVELOPMENTCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE POLICYCOCOLLECTION COSTSCOMBUSTIONCOMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBSCONNECTED HOUSEHOLDSCOOK STOVECOOK STOVESCOOKINGDIESELDIESEL GENERATORDIESEL GENERATORSDNAELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY USEEMISSIONEMISSION ESTIMATEEMISSION FACTOREMISSION FACTORSEMISSION PATHEMISSION RATESEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIALEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FACTORSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSENERGY ACCESSENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECTSENERGY EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGIESENERGY GENERATIONENERGY NEEDSENERGY OUTLOOKENERGY POVERTYENERGY PRICESENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SECTORENERGY SERVICEENERGY SOURCEFORESTFOREST DEGRADATIONFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUELFUEL SWITCHINGFUEL WOODGENERATING CAPACITYGENERATIONGHGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGRID AREASGRID ELECTRICITYGRID ELECTRIFICATIONGRID EMISSION FACTORGRID EXTENSIONGRID RURAL ELECTRIFICATIONHOUSEHOLD APPLIANCEHOUSEHOLD APPLIANCESHOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD ENERGYINCOMEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYIPCCKEROSENEKEROSENE LAMPSKEROSENE PRESSUREKEROSENE WICKKEROSENE WICK LAMPSLIGHTINGLIVING CONDITIONSMAIN GRIDMICRO HYDROPIPELINEPOWERQUALITY ENERGYREAL EMISSION REDUCTIONSREFRIGERATORREFRIGERATORSRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTSRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIESRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSRURAL AREASRURAL ELECTRICITYRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONRURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECTSRURAL ENERGYRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL HOUSEHOLDSSMALL GENERATORSOLAR HOMESOLAR HOME SYSTEMSOLAR HOME SYSTEMSSOLAR HOME SYSTEMS CANSOLAR LANTERNSSOLAR WATER HEATINGSOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMSSPACE HEATINGSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTRADITIONAL FUELSTRANSPORT COSTSUNEPURBAN HOUSEHOLDSWASTEWASTE MANAGEMENTWORLD ENERGYWORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK10.1596/16967