World Bank2014-02-032014-02-032011-09-21https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16788Tanzania has made significant economic progress in the recent past, with per capita national income almost doubling from United States (U.S.) 230 dollars equivalent in the late-1990s to U.S. 440 dollars. This report explores the role safety nets and transfers can play in reducing poverty more rapidly in Tanzania. It presents the potential need and costs, to inform a debate of options. The report reviews existing programs, and provides recommendations for an action plan to strengthen the current system and develop a more unified national program, one which will have a greater impact on poverty levels at reasonable cost, in line with the Government's poverty reduction strategy, known by the Swahili acronym MKUKUTA. The report looks at transfers to the poor, including public works employment, subsidies, food distribution programs, cash and in-kind transfers, and vouchers. This paper is organized in following chapters: chapter one gives introduction; attempts to lay out what the options might be, within an analytical assessment of the nature of poverty and shocks faced by the poor in Tanzania is given in chapter two; chapter three examines the effectiveness of existing transfer programs; at a strategic level it then evaluates the capacity of the state to spend on transfers, and how safety net programs can fit into the wider national development agenda is given in chapter four. The paper concludes by discussing some of the institutional and administrative concerns that effect program design in chapter five; and outlines for a series of immediate steps to improve the effectiveness of existing programs; as well as a medium-term strategy for moving towards a more unified national program is discussed in chapter six.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SERVICESAGRARIAN ECONOMYAGRICULTURAL INPUTSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYASSISTANCE PROGRAMSAVAILABILITY OF FOODAVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOMEBASIC FOOD REQUIREMENTSBASIC FOODSTUFFSBENEFICIARIESBENEFICIARYCALORIC CONSUMPTIONCAPACITY-BUILDINGCASH CROPSCASH INCOMECASH PAYMENTSCASH TRANSFERCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCASH-TRANSFERCHRONIC POVERTYCHRONICALLY POORCLINIC ATTENDANCECOMMUNITY GROUPSCOMMUNITY HEALTHCONDITIONAL CASHCONDITIONAL TRANSFERSCONTRIBUTORY PENSIONCOPING STRATEGIESCOST-EFFECTIVENESSCREDIT PROGRAMSDECLINE IN POVERTYDONOR FUNDINGDROUGHTECONOMIC GROWTHEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMSEMPLOYMENT SCHEMEEXTREMELY POOR HOUSEHOLDSEXTREMELY POOR PEOPLEFARM ACTIVITIESFARM EMPLOYMENTFARM EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESFARM-GATEFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFISCAL CONSTRAINTSFOOD ASSISTANCEFOOD BUYERSFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD DISTRIBUTIONFOOD FOR EDUCATIONFOOD GRAINSFOOD INSECURITYFOOD INTAKEFOOD ITEMSFOOD MARKETSFOOD POVERTYFOOD POVERTY LINEFOOD PRICEFOOD PRICESFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD PROGRAMFOOD REQUIREMENTSFOOD SALESFOOD SECURITYFOOD SECURITY PROBLEMSFOOD SHORTAGESFOOD SUBSIDIESFOOD SUPPLYFOOD TRANSFERSFOOD-FOR-EDUCATIONFOOD-FOR-WORKHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH FUNDHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH SERVICESHIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTYHOME RATIONSHOUSEHOLD BUDGETHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATIONHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSIMPACT OF SHOCKSIMPACT ON POVERTYINCIDENCE ANALYSISINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROWTHINCOME LOSSINCOME ON FOODINCOME POVERTYINCOME-GENERATING PROGRAMSINFORMAL SAFETY NETSINFORMAL TRANSFERSINPUT SUBSIDIESIRRIGATIONLAND QUALITYLANDHOLDINGSLANDLESSLEAN SEASONLIVING CONDITIONSMAINTENANCE OF ROADSMALNUTRITIONMARKET PRICESMEANS TESTINGMEANS TESTSMEDICAL CAREMICRO-CREDITMICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATIONNUTRITIONNUTRITION PROGRAMSNUTRITIONAL STATUSOLD AGEOLD AGE PENSIONOLD AGE PENSIONSPENSIONPENSIONSPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOOR AREASPOOR FARMERSPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR INFRASTRUCTUREPOOR LIVINGPOOR POPULATIONPOOR WOMENPOVERTY ANALYSISPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY DATAPOVERTY GROUPSPOVERTY IMPACTPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPOVERTY STATUSPOVERTY TRAPSPROTECTION POLICYPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INTERVENTIONPUBLIC SAFETY NETPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC TRANSFERPUBLIC TRANSFERSPUBLIC WORKSPUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMSPUBLIC-WORKSPURCHASING POWERREGIONAL DISTRIBUTIONREMOTE AREASROAD MAINTENANCEROUTINE MAINTENANCERURALRURAL AREASRURAL FAMILIESRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL PHENOMENONRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYRURAL ROADRURAL ROAD MAINTENANCESAFETY NETSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAFETY NET SYSTEMSAFETY NET TRANSFERSSAFETY NETSSAVINGSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL FEEDINGSCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMSSHARE OF BENEFITSSHEEPSHOCKSMALL FARMERSSOCIAL ACTIONSOCIAL ACTION FUNDSOCIAL PENSIONSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMSSOCIAL TRANSFERSOCIAL TRANSFERSSOCIAL WELFARESUBSISTENCESUBSISTENCE FARMERSTARGETINGTEMPORARY SUPPORTTRANSFER PROGRAMTRANSFER PROGRAMSTRANSFERS OF FOODUNINSURED RISKUNINSURED RISKSVILLAGE LEVELVOCATIONAL TRAININGVOUCHERSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTVULNERABLE CHILDRENVULNERABLE GROUPVULNERABLE GROUPSWAGE RATEWORK PROGRAMWORK PROGRAMSWORKS PROGRAMWorld Bank10.1596/16788