Mahajan, SandeepMahajan, Sandeep2014-08-112014-08-112014-08-04978-1-4648-0301-7https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19282Countries everywhere are divided into two distinct spatial realms: one urban, one rural. Classic models of development predict faster growth in the urban sector, causing rapid migration from rural areas to cities, lifting average incomes in both places. The process continues until the marginal productivity of labor is equalized across the two realms. The pattern of rising urbanization accompanying economic growth has become one of the most visible and self-evident empirical facts of development across the world, with almost 200,000 people making the rural-to-urban trek every day, according to the United Nations. Cities across the world are powering growth, development, and modernization. The study then takes a close look at Diepsloot, a large township in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Area, to bring out more vividly the economic realities and choices of township residents. Although atypical in many ways, by the virtue of being newer, poorer, and more informal, with a bigger concentration of migrants (many of them foreign nationals), than the historically established townships, Diepsloot also retains many of the economic characteristics of South African townships: Issues of joblessness, uneven access to basic public services, and overwhelming levels of crime and violence are almost as pervasive in Diepsloot as they are in other T&IS. At the same time, an emergent informal sector more visibly pervades the township than seen in the average township, which makes it a particularly useful place to study in order to develop an understanding of the kinds of economic activities that are feasible in townships. It focuses particularly on the nature of business activity in the township, the key investment-climate constraints faced by its firms, income and expenditure patterns across households, and some aggregative social and human indicators. In a first attempt of its kind for a township, the report also develops a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Diepsloot for a comprehensive and consistent picture of the place, including the circular flow of income within the township, the nature of its interaction with the rest of the South African economy, and a simple multiplier analysis of its economy.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CAPITALACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO FINANCEACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICESACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCEACCESS TO SERVICESACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGADVANCED ECONOMIESADVANCED ECONOMYAGRICULTUREANALYTICAL APPROACHARBITRAGEBANK ACCOUNTBANKING SECTORBANKING STRUCTUREBANKSBORROWINGBUSINESS ACTIVITYBUSINESS CENSUSBUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBUSINESS ENTERPRISEBUSINESS ENTERPRISESBUSINESS NETWORKSBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESBUSINESS OWNERBUSINESS OWNERSBUSINESS RECORDSCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL FLOWSCAPITALIZATIONCCCENTRAL PLANNINGCHILD CARECIRCULAR FLOWCITIESCOMMUNITIESCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGESCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPUTER TRAININGCONVERGENCE ECONOMICSCREDITSCRIMECURRENT ACCOUNTCUSTOMER BASECUSTOMER BASESDECENTRALIZATIONDEMOGRAPHIC PROFILESDESCRIPTIONDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDEVOLUTIONDISCOURAGED WORKERSDWELLINGDWELLING UNITSECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICSECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESSECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC STATISTICSECONOMIC STRUCTUREECONOMIC STRUCTURESECONOMICSECONOMICS RESEARCHEDUCATION LEVELSEDUCATIONAL LEVELEMPLOYEEEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT STATUSENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENTENTREPRENEURENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIESENTREPRENEURSENTREPRENEURSHIPENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICSEQUALIZATIONEXCLUSIONEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESFAMILIESFEMALEFINANCE ACCESSFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL SERVICEFINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERSFIXED CAPITALFIXED COSTSFORMAL ECONOMIESGDPGDP PER CAPITAGENDERGNPGREATER ACCESSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTGROWTH POLICIESGROWTH POTENTIALGROWTH RATEHOUSEHOLD ACCESSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGHOUSING DEMANDHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN SETTLEMENTSINCOME LEVELSINDICATORS OF ACCESSINEQUALITYINFORMAL ECONOMYINFORMAL SETTLEMENTSINSURANCEINTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL FINANCEJOB CREATIONJOB OPPORTUNITIESKEY CHALLENGESLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR FORCE SURVEYLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLABOUR MARKETLACK OF ACCESSLAND DEVELOPMENTLAND OWNERSHIPLAND USELAWSLEGISLATIONLIVING ARRANGEMENTSLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOANLOCAL GOVERNMENTSMACROECONOMICSMARGINAL PRODUCTIVITYMERCHANTSMIGRATIONMULTIPLIER EFFECTSMULTIPLIERSMUNICIPALITIESNATIONAL INCOMENEIGHBORHOODPENSIONSPERMANENT RESIDENTSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOPULATION DISTRIBUTIONPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE PROPERTYPROFITABLE BUSINESSESPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC HOUSINGPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORTPURCHASING POWERRATES OF RETURNREAL ESTATERED TAPEREGRESSION ANALYSESREGRESSION ANALYSISRETAIL ENTERPRISERISK PERCEPTIONSRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL ECONOMYSAFETYSALES TAXESSAVINGSSAVINGS BEHAVIORSEGMENTATIONSSELF-EMPLOYMENTSETTLEMENTSHANTYTOWNSSHOPSSINGLE MOTHERSLUMSLUMSSMALL BUSINESSESSMALL ENTERPRISESSMALL-BUSINESSSOCIAL BARRIERSSOCIAL NETWORKSSOCIAL RIGHTSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOURCE OF INCOMESOURCES OF INCOMESPATIAL PLANNINGSTART-UPSTART-UP CAPITALSTART-UPSSUPPLY CHAINSSURPLUS LABORTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETELECOMMUNICATIONSTRADE BALANCETRADITIONAL ECONOMYTRANSPORTUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNEQUAL ACCESSUNIONURBAN AREASURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN ECONOMYURBAN POLICYURBAN POPULATIONURBANIZATIONWAGESWOMANWOMEN ENTREPRENEURSWORKING CAPITALYOUTH10.1596/978-1-4648-0301-7