Gramckow, Heike2014-05-222014-05-222012-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18405This paper considers the historical origins and efficacy of enforcement of civil court judgments, with a special focus on court auctions. It reviews the procedural and practical options available to courts and associated agencies for the identification of assets that may be used to satisfy a judgment debt and the processes for court-supervised asset seizure and sale by public auction. The efficiencies of public court auction processes are considered, including the elements of enforcement systems that can produce sub-optimal returns on sold assets and higher incentives for corrupt practices. Also considered is the trend in some systems for greater use of private agents as a means by which the cost of court enforcement processes can be reduced and for overcoming sometimes lengthy delays in enforcement. The paper concludes by identifying alternatives to public auction that in some cases can offer better prospects of assuring full payment of a judgment debt.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCESS TO JUSTICEALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTIONASSET DISPOSITIONASSETSAUCTION PRICEAUCTION PROCEDURESBAILIFFBAILIFFSBALANCE DUEBANK ACCOUNTSBIDBIDSBUSINESS CASEBUSINESS INSOLVENCYBUSINESS PRACTICECASE BACKLOGSCASE OF DEFAULTCASE OF NONPAYMENTCLAIMCLAIMANTCLAIMANTSCLIENT COUNTRIESCOLLATERALCOLLATERAL IN SATISFACTIONCOLLUSIVE BIDDINGCOMMERCIAL DEBTSCOMMERCIAL DISPUTESCOMPENSATIONCOMPETITIVE MARKETCONSUMER PROTECTIONCONSUMER PROTECTION LAWSCONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATIONCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCECOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTERCORRUPTIONCOUNSELCOURTCOURT DECISIONCOURT DECISIONSCOURT INTERVENTIONCOURT JUDGMENTCOURT JUDGMENTSCOURT ORDERCOURT ORDERSCOURT PROCESSESCOURT RULESCOURT SUPERVISIONCOURT SYSTEMSCOURTSCREDIBILITYCREDIT SYSTEMCREDITORCREDITOR RIGHTSCREDITORSCRIMINALCRIMINAL JUSTICECRIMINAL PUNISHMENTCRIMINAL PUNISHMENTSDAMAGESDEBTDEBT COLLECTIONDEBT COLLECTION PROCESSESDEBTORDEBTOR'S PROPERTIESDEBTOR'S PROPERTYDEBTORSDEPENDENTDEPOSITDEVALUATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISCOVERYDISCRETIONARY POWERDISCRETIONARY POWERSECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC LOSSEMPOWERMENTENFORCEMENT MECHANISMSENFORCEMENT METHODENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTSENFORCEMENT PROCEDUREENFORCEMENT PROCESSENFORCEMENT PROCESSESENFORCEMENT SYSTEMENFORCEMENT SYSTEMSENFORCEMENTSEQUALITYEQUIPMENTESTATEEUEXECUTIONSFAIR MARKET VALUEFAIR PRICEFINANCIAL SITUATIONFORECLOSUREFORECLOSURE SALESHARMONIZATIONHOUSESHUMAN RIGHTSIMMOVABLE PROPERTYIMPRISONMENTINCOMEINSOLVENCYINSOLVENCY LAWSINSOLVENCY REFORMSINSOLVENCY SYSTEMSINSTITUTIONAL REFORMINSURANCEINSURANCE INDUSTRYINTEREST OF CREDITORSINTERESTED PARTIESINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINVESTMENT OPTIONSJUDGEJUDGESJUDGMENTJUDGMENT CREDITORJUDGMENT DEBTJUDGMENT DEBTORJUDICIAL AUCTIONSJUDICIAL DECISIONJUDICIAL DECISIONSJUDICIAL SALESJUDICIAL SYSTEMJUDICIARYJURISDICTIONJURISDICTIONSJUSTICE SYSTEMJUSTICE SYSTEMSJUVENILE JUSTICELACK OF ASSETSLEGAL ENFORCEMENTLEGAL ENTITIESLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGAL HISTORYLEGAL OBLIGATIONLEGAL PROCEEDINGSLEGAL REQUIREMENTSLEGAL STATUSLENDERLIABILITYLIENSLOANMAGISTRATESMAJOR CREDITORSMANDATEMARKET CONDITIONSMARKET ENVIRONMENTMARKET VALUEMONOPOLYMORTGAGESNONJUDICIAL ENFORCEMENTNOTARIESNOTARYORIGINAL CONTRACTPARTICULAR COUNTRYPERFORMANCE MEASURESPERSONAL PROPERTYPLEDGESPOLICEPRICE FORMATIONPRIVATE AUCTIONSPRIVATE DEBTSPRIVATE ENFORCEMENTPRIVATE LAWPRIVATE SALESPRIVATIZATIONPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC AUCTIONPUBLIC AUCTIONSPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC ENFORCEMENTPUBLIC SALESPUBLIC UTILITIESREAL ESTATEREAL PROPERTYRECEIVERRECOVERY RATEREFORM PROGRAMSREGULATORY SYSTEMREPOSSESSIONREPUTATIONSRETURNSRULE OF LAWSALARYSALE OF ASSETSSALE OF PROPERTYSANCTIONSSAVINGSSECURITY INTERESTSEIZURESEIZURE OF ASSETSSEIZURE OF PROPERTYSTATE COURTSTAXTITLETITLESTRACK RECORDTRANSPARENCYTREASURYTREATYVALUATIONWARRANTSWILL10.1596/18405