Bonilla-Chacin, Maria EugeniaBonilla-Chacin, Maria Eugenia2014-06-122014-06-122014https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18644Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent an important and growing burden to the health and economies of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. However, some of this burden can be prevented or controlled through targeted clinical services and multi-sectoral activities aimed at improving diet, promoting physical activity, and reducing tobacco use and alcohol abuse. This study focuses on population-wide, multi-sectoral interventions to prevent risk factors for NCDs. This study seeks to answer the following questions: what is the health and economic burden of NCDs in the region?; what are countries doing to promote healthy living and prevent risk factors for NCDs?; what are the main governance challenges countries face in developing and implementing population-wide NCD prevention interventions and which are the success stories?; and what else can the region do to reduce health risk factors and prevent the onset of NCDs? This study documents governance challenges in the design and implementation of promising or successful population-wide interventions intended to prevent health risk factors in LAC. It focuses on the process whereby public officials develop and implement primary-prevention policies and programs. It is composed of five commissioned case studies on multi-sectoral interventions to promote healthy living in the region. These case studies examine which stakeholders participated directly or indirectly in the decision-making process; what positions they held; which incentives they faced; which strategies they pursued; how did existing institutional arrangements affect the decision-making process; what lessons can be drawn from these processes; and what were the successes and setbacks? This report provides a glimpse into the types of opposing interests and power games involved in proposing, passing, and implementing successful or promising population-based health interventions in LAC. The aim is to provide information on the struggles and challenges involved in the design and implementation of policies, presenting an array of possible instruments and models that can be useful and adaptable to specific scenarios.Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) constituyen una carga importante y creciente para la salud y las economías en América Latina y el Caribe. Sin embargo, parte del impacto de las ENT se puede prevenir mediante servicios clínicos focalizados y actividades multisectoriales encaminadas a mejorar el régimen alimentario, promover la actividad física, y reducir el consumo de tabaco y el abuso del alcohol. Este informe complementa al estudio regional “Promoviendo Estilos de Vida Saludable en América Latina y el Caribe: Gobernanza de Intervenciones Multisectoriales para la Prevención de Factores de Riesgo para Enfermedades No Transmisibles”, el cual se propone contribuir al diseño de políticas multisectoriales a nivel poblacional para prevenir las ENT. Este segundo volumen documenta los retos de gobernanza en el diseño e implementación de políticas prometedoras o exitosas para la prevención de factores de riesgo de la salud en la región. Se centra en cómo se toman las decisiones políticas que involucran intervenciones multisectoriales para prevenir los factores de riesgo para la salud. Y lo hace a través de cinco casos de estudio donde se examinan los actores claves que participaron directa o indirectamente en el proceso de toma de decisiones, sus posiciones, los incentivos que enfrentaron, las estrategias y el impacto de los arreglos institucionales u otros factores en el proceso de toma de decisión. Termina con las lecciones aprendidas de estos procesos sus éxitos y sus fracasos. El objetivo es suministrar información sobre las oportunidades y los retos involucrados en el diseño y la implementación de las políticas, presentando una variedad de instrumentos y modelos posibles que puedan ser útiles y adaptables a situaciones específicas.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACTIVE PARTICIPATIONADOLESCENTADOLESCENT CONSUMPTIONADULT MENADVERTISING BANSAGINGAGRICULTUREALCOHOLALCOHOL ABUSEALCOHOL POLICIESALCOHOL USEANTI-TOBACCO POLICIESBASIC EDUCATIONBEVERAGESBLUEPRINTCANCERCANCERSCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCARDIOVASCULAR HEALTHCAUSES OF DEATHCENTER FOR HEALTHCHRONIC CONDITIONCHRONIC DISEASECHRONIC DISEASESCHRONIC MALNUTRITIONCIGARETTESCITIZENSCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSCLINICAL SERVICESCOMMUNICATION CAMPAIGNCORONARY HEART DISEASEDATA ON TOBACCO USEDEATH RATESDENTAL CARIESDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDIABETESDIETDIETSDISABILITYDISSEMINATIONDRUGSEATING HABITSECONOMY OF TOBACCO CONTROLENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYEPIDEMICEPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCHEPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATIONEPIDEMIOLOGYEXCISE TAXESEXPOSURE TO SMOKEFATSFEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCYFERTILITYFERTILITY RATEFOOD INDUSTRYGLOBAL ADVOCACYGLOBAL HEALTHGLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMICGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CONSEQUENCESHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH MINISTRIESHEALTH POLICIESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH REFORMHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH WARNINGSHEALTH-SECTORHEALTHY BEHAVIORSHEALTHY LIFESTYLEHEALTHY LIFESTYLESHEART ATTACKSHEART DISEASEHIGH BLOOD PRESSUREHOSPITALHOSPITALIZATIONHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHYPERTENSIONILLNESSIMPLEMENTATION OF POPULATIONINJURIESINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSINTERVENTIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLAWSLEADING CAUSE OF DEATHLEGAL DRINKING AGELEGAL STATUSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLOCAL AUTHORITIESLONG PERIODSMALNOURISHED CHILDRENMARKETINGMEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGYMINISTRIES OF HEALTHMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORTALITYMOTHERNATIONAL ACTIONNATIONAL COUNCILNATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL LEVELSNATIONAL STRATEGYNUMBER OF CHILDRENNURSESNUTRITIONNUTRITION INFORMATIONOBESITYOVERWEIGHTPATIENTPHYSICAL ACTIVITYPHYSICIANSPOLICY ANALYSISPOLICY CONCERNPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY DEVELOPMENTPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY-MAKING PROCESSPOLITICAL PARTIESPOPULAR SUPPORTPOPULATION STUDIESPREMATURE MORTALITYPREVENTION INTERVENTIONSPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC OPINIONPUBLIC PLACESPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SUPPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONPULMONARY DISEASEQUALITY OF CAREQUALITY OF LIFERECREATIONRECREATIONAL ACTIVITIESREDUCING TOBACCO USEREGIONAL STRATEGYRESEARCH INSTITUTIONSRISK ASSESSMENTRISK FACTORSRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL RESIDENTSSCHOOL CHILDRENSCHOOLSSECOND-HAND SMOKESELF-REGULATIONSERVICE DELIVERYSMOKE-FREE AIR ACTSMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTSSMOKERSSMOKINGSMOKING BANSMOKING BANSSMOKING EPIDEMICSMOKING IN PUBLICSMOKING POPULATIONSMOKING PREVALENCESOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL SCIENCESOCIAL SCIENCESSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL STUDIESSOCIAL WELFARESODIUMSTATE GOVERNMENTSSTATE UNIVERSITYTECHNICAL TRAININGTELEVISIONTOBACCOTOBACCO ADVERTISINGTOBACCO COMPANIESTOBACCO CONSUMPTIONTOBACCO CONTROLTOBACCO CONTROL MEASURESTOBACCO CONTROL POLICIESTOBACCO CONTROL POLICYTOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAMTOBACCO CONTROL STRATEGIESTOBACCO EPIDEMICTOBACCO FARMINGTOBACCO INDUSTRYTOBACCO POLICIESTOBACCO POLICYTOBACCO PRODUCTIONTOBACCO PRODUCTSTOBACCO USETOBACCO USERSTOBACCO-CONTROL POLICIESTOBACCO-PRODUCING COUNTRIESTRAFFIC ACCIDENTSTRANSPORTATIONURBAN CENTERSURBAN DEVELOPMENTVIOLENCEWORKERSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUTH10.1596/18644