Cadot, OlivierBrenton, PaulPierola, Martha Denisse2012-07-312012-07-312012-07-02978-0-8213-9559-2https://hdl.handle.net/10986/9380This report provides tentative leads toward such policy prescriptions, based on an overview of the empirical evidence. Chapter one sets the stage by putting Africa's export-survival performance into perspective and proposing a framework that will guide the interpretation of empirical evidence throughout the report. Chapter two covers country-level determinants of export sustainability at origin and destination, including the exporting country's business environment. Chapter three explores some of the firm-level evidence on what drives export sustainability, including uncertainty, incomplete contracts, learning, and networks. Finally, chapter four offers tentative policy implications. The main conclusions from this overview of the causes of Africa's low export sustainability should be taken with caution both because of the complexity of the issue and because of the very fragmentary evidence on which the overview is based. The author should be more cautious in drawing policy implications, as hasty policy prescriptions are the most common trap into which reports of this kind can fall. A first, solid conclusion is that the author needs substantial additional work on the nature and causes of low export survival rates in developing countries to determine the path to high export sustainability.CC BY 3.0 IGOADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURESAGRICULTURAL PRACTICESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTUREAPPARELAPPAREL SECTORARABLE LANDARBITRAGEBENEFICIARYBILATERAL TRADEBROKERSBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCALL OPTIONCAPITAL INTENSITIESCAPITAL INTENSITYCAPITAL PER WORKERCOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMMON MARKETCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE INDEXCOMPARATIVE DISADVANTAGECOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGECONSUMERSCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPSCUSTOMS UNIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPING ECONOMIESDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDOLLAR VALUEDOMESTIC MARKETSDURABLEDURABLE GOODSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC HISTORYECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEECONOMISTSEMPIRICAL ANALYSISEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTSEQUIPMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXPECTED RETURNEXPECTED RETURNSEXPORT BASEEXPORT COSTSEXPORT DIVERSIFICATIONEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT MARKETEXPORT MARKETSEXPORT PERFORMANCEEXPORT SHAREEXPORT SHARESEXPORT STRUCTUREEXPORT VOLUMESEXPORTEREXPORTERSEXPORTSEXTREME POVERTYFACTORS OF PRODUCTIONFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SERVICESFIXED COSTSFOREIGN BUYERSFOREIGN CURRENCYFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN MARKETFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AGREEMENTFUTURE GROWTHGDPGDP PER CAPITAGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBAL TRADEGRAVITY EQUATIONGRAVITY VARIABLESHOME COUNTRIESHOME CURRENCYHUMAN CAPITALIMPACT OF TRADEIMPORT PRICESINCOMEINCOME LEVELSINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIESINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSINTERNATIONAL LAWINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSINTERNATIONAL STANDARDINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTORYINVESTINGINVESTMENT CLIMATEIRREVERSIBILITYLABOR FORCELEGAL ENVIRONMENTLIFE EXPECTANCIESLIFE EXPECTANCYLIQUID MARKETSLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESLOW-INCOME COUNTRYMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIESMARKET ACCESSMARKET ENTRYMARKET ENVIRONMENTMARKET STRUCTUREMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIESMONETARY FUNDNATURAL RESOURCESNEW MARKETSNEW PRODUCTSOILOPTION VALUEOUTPUTOVERVALUATIONPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOPULATION DYNAMICSPORTFOLIOPORTFOLIOSPOSITIVE COEFFICIENTPOWER PARITYPREFERENTIAL TRADEPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTPRESENT VALUEPRICE COMPETITIONPRICE DIFFERENCESPRODUCERSPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATIONPURCHASING POWERREGIONAL DUMMIESREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TRADEREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATIONREGIONALISMREGRESSION ANALYSISREGULATORY REGIMESREPUTATIONRULES OF ORIGINSMALL COUNTRIESSTATISTICAL ANALYSISSTOCKSSUNK COSTSTARIFF BARRIERSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETELECOMMUNICATIONSTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTRADE COSTSTRADE DATATRADE FACILITATIONTRADE FLOWSTRADE POLICYTRADE PREFERENCESTRADE PROMOTIONTRADE REFORMTRADE RELATIONSHIPSTRADE VALUESTRADESTRADINGTRANSACTIONTRANSPORT COSTSTRUST FUNDTURNOVERUNEMPLOYMENTUNSKILLED LABORVARIABLE COSTSVOLATILITYWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORSWORLD MARKETSWORLD TRADEPathways to African Export SustainabilityWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-9559-2