Farole, Thomas2012-03-192012-03-192011-02-15978-0-8213-8638-5https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2268Economic zones have grown rapidly in the past 20 years. In 1986, the International Labor Organization's (ILO's) database reported 176 zones in 47 countries; by 2006, it reported 3,500 zones in 130 countries. This huge growth occurred despite many zones having failed to meet their objectives; however, many others are contributing significantly to growth in foreign direct investment (FDI), exports, and employment, as well as playing a catalytic role in integration into global trade and structural transformation, including industrialization and upgrading. This study aims to address some of these questions and deliver an analysis that is both data-driven and policy-focused. The objective of the study is to explore the experience of zone programs, with a particular focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, to understand the factors that contribute to static and dynamic outcomes. It aims to provide input to the question of whether and how zones can make a significant contribution to job creation, diversification, and sustainable growth in African and other low-income countries.CC BY 3.0 IGOADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURESADVANCED ECONOMIESAGRICULTUREARBITRAGEBENCHMARKBENCHMARKINGBINDING CONSTRAINTSBONDBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCINGCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL DEVELOPMENTCATALYTIC IMPACTCATALYTIC ROLECITIESCOLLABORATIONCOMMODITIESCOMMON MARKETCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGESCOMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTCOMPETITIVENESSCONNECTIVITYCONSUMERSCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCECOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTERCORPORATE TAXCOUNTRY TO COUNTRYCUSTOMS UNIONDATA COLLECTIONDECENTRALIZATIONDEMOGRAPHICDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDISPLACEMENTDOMESTIC ECONOMIESDOMESTIC ECONOMYDOMESTIC INVESTORSDOMESTIC MARKETDOMESTIC MARKETSECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC CHANGEECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPACTECONOMIC LIBERALIZATIONECONOMIC OUTCOMESECONOMIC REFORMECONOMIC REFORMSECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIC STRATEGIESECONOMIC VALUEECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEECONOMISTSEMERGING ECONOMIESENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDSENVIRONMENTSEPZEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT MARKETSEXPORT PROCESSING ZONEEXPORT PROCESSING ZONESEXPORTSEXTERNAL TRADEFINANCE CORPORATIONFINANCIAL SUPPORTFISHINGFOREIGN CAPITALFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTORSFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFOREIGN TRADEFOREIGN VALUEFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AGREEMENTFUTURE RESEARCHGDPGENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCESGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL INVESTORSGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBAL STANDARDSGLOBALIZATIONGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGUARANTEE OF SUCCESSHUMAN CAPITALINCOMEINCOMESINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIALIZATIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONSINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATIONINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT POLICIESINVESTMENT POLICYINVESTORS CONFIDENCEJOB CREATIONJOINT VENTUREKNOWLEDGE SHARINGLABOR COSTSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET RIGIDITIESLABOR MARKETSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR STANDARDSLABOURLEARNINGLEGAL FRAMEWORKLIBERALIZATIONLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESLOW-INCOME COUNTRYLOW-INCOME ECONOMIESMARKET ACCESSMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRYMINIMUM WAGEMONOPOLIESMONOPOLYMULTIPLIERSNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL ECONOMYNATURAL RESOURCENEGATIVE EXTERNALITIESOILOUTPUTOUTSOURCINGOWNERSHIP STRUCTUREPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY ENVIRONMENTPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOWER OUTAGESPPPSPRESENT VALUEPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTION PROCESSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPROGRAMSPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSRAPID GROWTHREAL ESTATEREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TRADEREGULATORY AGENCYREGULATORY AUTHORITIESREGULATORY AUTHORITYREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSREGULATORY REGIMEREGULATORY REGIMESREMOTE REGIONRESEARCH AGENDASAFETYSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL VALUESSTREAMSSTRUCTURAL CHANGESUPPLIERSSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTAXATIONTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL NEEDSTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERSTELECOMMUNICATIONSTRADE POLICYTRADE UNIONSTRADESTRADING ACTIVITIESTRADING PLATFORMTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSPARENCYUNEMPLOYMENTUNSKILLED LABORVALUE ADDEDWAGESWEALTHWORKING CONDITIONSWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8638-5