de Luna-Martinez, JoséVicente, Carlos Leonardo2012-03-192012-03-192012-02-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3255Historically, development banks have been an important instrument of governments to promote economic growth by providing credit and a wide range of advisory and capacity building programs to households, small and medium enterprises, and even large private corporations, whose financial needs are not sufficiently served by private commercial banks or local capital markets. During the current financial crisis, most development banks in Latin America, followed by Asia, Africa, and Europe, have assumed a countercyclical role by scaling up their lending operations exactly when private banks experienced temporary difficulties in granting credit to the private sector. Despite the importance of development banks during crisis and non-crisis periods, little is known about them. This survey examines how development banks operate, what their policy mandates are, what financial services they offer, which type of clients they target, how they are regulated and supervised, what business models they have adopted, what governance framework they have, and what challenges they face. It also examines the countercyclical role played by development banks during the recent financial crisis. This survey is based on new data that have been collected from 90 national development banks in 61 countries.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FINANCEACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGADVANCED ECONOMIESADVISORY SERVICESAGRICULTURAL BANKAGRICULTURE BANKALLOCATION OF CREDITASSET QUALITYAUTONOMYBALANCE SHEETBANK CREDITBANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTSBANK OF CANADABANK OF LATVIABANK OF THAILANDBANK SUPERVISIONBANKING SYSTEMBANKING SYSTEMSBANKRUPTCYBORROWERBORROWINGBORROWING COSTBRANCH NETWORKSBUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BANKBUSINESS PLANCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL ADEQUACYCAPITAL LOANSCAPITAL MARKETSCENTRAL BANKCOLLATERALCOMMERCIAL BANKCOMMERCIAL BANKINGCONFLICTS OF INTERESTCORPORATE GOVERNANCECREDIT BANKCREDIT CRUNCHCREDIT GROWTHCREDIT GUARANTEECREDIT GUARANTEESCREDIT POLICIESCREDIT RISKCREDIT RISKSCREDITSCREDITWORTHINESSDEBTDEBT COLLECTIONDEBT FORGIVENESSDEFAULTSDEPOSITDEPOSIT ACCOUNTSDEPOSIT TAKING INSTITUTIONSDEPOSITSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT BANKSDEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONDEVELOPMENT FINANCEDEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTIONSDIVERSIFICATIONECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHEMERGING ECONOMIESEMERGING MARKETEMERGING MARKET ECONOMIESENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENTEQUIPMENTEQUITY FUNDSEXPORT FINANCINGFACTORINGFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIESFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARYFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL NEEDSFINANCIAL PRODUCTFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL STATEMENTSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITYFINANCIAL SYSTEMFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFIRST CREDITFOREIGN EXCHANGEGOVERNANCE ISSUESGOVERNANCE STANDARDSGOVERNMENT GUARANTEEGOVERNMENT OWNERSHIPGOVERNMENT SUBSIDIESGUARANTEE AGENCYGUARANTEE FUNDSGUARANTEE PRODUCTSHOLDINGHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGINFLATIONINFLATION RATEINITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGSINNOVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTINSURANCEINSURANCE COMPANIESINTANGIBLEINTANGIBLE ASSETSINTEREST RATEINTEREST RATE SPREADINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL CAPITALINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT BANKISLAMIC INVESTMENTKEY CHALLENGEKEY CHALLENGESLAND BANKLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGISLATIONLENDERSLENDING CYCLELENDING DECISIONSLENDING PORTFOLIOSLIABILITYLINES OF CREDITLIQUIDITYLOANLOAN AMOUNTLOAN APPLICATIONSLOAN CLASSIFICATIONLOAN GUARANTEELOAN GUARANTEESLOAN PORTFOLIOLOAN PORTFOLIOSLOAN PROVISIONINGLOAN RECOVERYLOAN TERMLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL MARKETSLONG-TERM LOANSLONG-TERM RESOURCESMANDATESMARKET INTEREST RATESMARKET SHAREMATURITYMAXIMUM MATURITYMICROFINANCEMICROINSURANCEMINISTRIES OF FINANCEMINORITY SHAREHOLDERMONEY TRANSFERSMORTGAGEMORTGAGE FINANCEMULTINATIONALSNEW BUSINESSNON-PERFORMING LOANNON-PERFORMING LOANSNPLOPERATING COSTSOPERATING EXPENSESOWNERSHIP STRUCTUREPOSTAL BANKSPOSTAL SAVINGSPRIVATE BANKPRIVATE BANKSPRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKSPRIVATE EQUITYPRIVATE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONPRIVATE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSPRIVATE FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIESPRIVATE FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARYPRIVATIZATIONSPROFITABILITYPROFITABLE BUSINESSPROVISION OF CREDITPRUDENTIAL STANDARDSPRUDENTIAL SUPERVISIONPUBLIC BANKSRATE OF RETURNREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKSREGULATORY SYSTEMRETURNRETURN ON ASSETSRETURN ON EQUITYRETURNSRISK MANAGEMENTRISK PROFILESAVINGSSAVINGS ACCOUNTSSAVINGS BANKSMALLHOLDERSMALLHOLDER FARMERSSOLVENCYSTART-UPSTART-UPSSUBSIDIARIESSUBSIDIZATIONSUPERVISORY AGENCYSUPPLY OF CREDITTERM CREDITTRANSPARENCYUNFAIR COMPETITIONUNIONUNSECURED LOANSVENTURE CAPITALVENTURE CAPITAL FUNDSWORKING CAPITALWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5969