World Bank2014-04-212014-04-212010-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17931In 2008 (the most recent data available), Egypt spent 3.8 percent of Gross Domestic Product, or GDP on public education; in 2003 this figure was recorded as 4.9 percent. In 2008, Egypt spent 11.9 percent of total public spending on education; in 2003, this figure was recorded as 16.2 percent. However, over recent years, Egypt has achieved important improvements in access to primary education. The primary enrollment rate reached 94 percent (2007) from 86 percent at the beginning of the decade. Egypt's secondary enrollment rate (71 percent in 2002) compares favorably to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region and to other low-middle income countries. Despite these improvements, learning outcomes remain a source of concern. Egyptian students mean scores in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study Mathematics (TIMSS) declined between 2003 and 2007, from 406 to 391 points. Thus, improving the quality of education is a priority for the country.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSENTEEISMACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTACADEMIC SUBJECTSACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATIONACCREDITATIONACHIEVEMENT DATAACTIVE LEARNINGBASIC EDUCATIONBEGINNING TEACHERSCAPACITY BUILDINGCAREERCAREER OPPORTUNITIESCAREERSCLASSROOMCLASSROOM EXPERIENCECLASSROOM MANAGEMENTCLASSROOM PARTICIPATIONCLASSROOM TEACHINGCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCONTINUOUS LEARNINGCURRICULUMCURRICULUM FRAMEWORKDECENTRALIZATIONDISCIPLINESEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONEDUCATION DEGREEEDUCATION DIRECTORATESEDUCATION FOR GIRLSEDUCATION LEADERSEDUCATION POLICIESEDUCATION PROGRAMSEDUCATION QUALITYEDUCATION REFORMEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATION SYSTEMSEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENTEDUCATIONAL EVALUATIONEDUCATIONAL QUALITYEFFECTIVE TEACHERSEFFECTIVE TEACHINGEMPLOYMENTENTRANCE EXAMINATIONENTRY REQUIREMENTSEXAMEXPERIENCED TEACHERSFACULTIESFACULTY OF EDUCATIONFACULTY OF LAWFEMALE TEACHERSFOREIGN LANGUAGESGENDER EQUITYGIRLSGLOBAL EDUCATIONGRADINGHOMEWORKHUMAN RESOURCESINCENTIVES FOR TEACHERSINDUCTION TRAININGINFORMATION SYSTEMSINNOVATIVE APPROACHESINSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALSINSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORTINSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGYLEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP SKILLSLEARNINGLEARNING ENVIRONMENTSLEARNING OUTCOMESLESSON PLANNINGLITERACYLITERATURELOWER SECONDARYLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLMATHEMATICSMEDICAL SCHOOLMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONNATIONAL CURRICULUMNATIONAL EDUCATIONNATIONAL EDUCATION INDICATORSNEW ENTRANTSNUMBER OF STUDENTSNUMBER OF TEACHERSOUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDRENPEDAGOGIC SKILLSPEDAGOGICAL SKILLSPEDAGOGYPRIMARY CHILDRENPRIMARY COMPLETIONPRIMARY COMPLETION RATESPRIMARY ENROLLMENTPRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATEPRIMARY LEVELPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE INSTITUTIONSPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTSPUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERSPUBLIC SCHOOLSQUALIFIED TEACHERSQUALITY ASSURANCEQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY OF TEACHINGQUALITY STANDARDSREADINGREGULAR TEACHERRURAL AREASSALARY INCREASESSANITATIONSCHOLARSHIPSSCHOOL CONSTRUCTIONSCHOOL IMPROVEMENTSCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONSCHOOL PRINCIPALSSCHOOL STUDENTSSCHOOL TEACHERSSCHOOL TIMESCHOOLSSCIENCE STUDYSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY ENROLLMENTSECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATESECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERSSECONDARY SCHOOLSSENIOR TEACHERSERVICE TRAININGSKILLED TEACHERSSKILLS TRAININGSPECIAL NEEDSSTANDARDIZED TESTSSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENTSTUDENT ASSESSMENTSSTUDENT ENROLLMENTSTUDENT ENROLLMENT PATTERNSSTUDENT LEARNINGSTUDENT PERFORMANCESTUDENT POPULATIONSTUDENT-TEACHER RATIOSSUBJECT AREASSUBJECT DISCIPLINESSUBJECT MATTERSUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGESUBJECT MATTERSSUPPLY OF TEACHERSTARGETED INCENTIVESTEACHERTEACHER COMPETENCIESTEACHER EDUCATIONTEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMSTEACHER EFFECTIVENESSTEACHER EVALUATIONSTEACHER ORGANIZATIONSTEACHER PAYTEACHER PERFORMANCETEACHER STANDARDSTEACHER TRAININGTEACHERSTEACHINGTEACHING EXPERIENCETEACHING FORCETEACHING JOBTEACHING PROCESSESTEACHING QUALITYTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTTERTIARY EDUCATIONTEXTBOOKSTRAINING PROGRAMSUNIVERSITIESYOUTH10.1596/17931