World Bank2013-09-032013-09-032001-06-20https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15535A social and structural review (SSR) identifies the strategic policy priorities that are likely to yield the highest returns in terms of poverty reduction and development. This SSR identifies those priorities by providing a systematic evaluation of economic policy and structure in order to identify a) the main constraints on poverty reduction and long run development in Egypt and b) the sources of vulnerability, particularly as Egypt considers further global integration through entering into foreign trade agreements. The five priorities for reform include: 1) In order to maintain Egypt's robust economic performance of the late 1990s, the Government will need to continue to maintain stability of the macroeconomic environment by strengthening economic management which may have been pushed off-course by exogenous shocks in the latter half of the 1990s. 2) Trade liberalization remains as an unfinished and critical area for further reform. By sharply reducing tariffs and other trade taxes, especially on manufactures, Egypt can achieve productivity gains and wage growth. 3) It is important to revisit government regulations that increase the cost of doing business in Egypt. 4) Expenditures of the bottom half of population appear to be fairly compressed. 5) The quality of life of population is in part determined by public services such as those that enhance health, education, sanitation, clean water, and air quality.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLSAGRICULTUREAIR QUALITYBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBARRIERS TO ENTRYBILATERAL TRADEBUDGET PROCESSBUDGETARY PROCESSBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCAPITA GROWTHCENTRAL BANKCIVIL SOCIETYCLEAN WATERCOMPETITIVENESSCONSUMERSCORPORATE SECTORCOST RECOVERYCOST SAVINGSCURRENCY UNITDEBTDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT INDICATORSDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDIRECT IMPACTDIRECT INVESTMENTDIVISION OF LABORDOMESTIC DEMANDDONOR COMMUNITYECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC TRENDSEMPLOYMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXPORTSEXTERNAL DEBTEXTERNAL SHOCKSFINANCIAL SECTORFOOD POLICY RESEARCHFOREIGN COMPETITIONFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN INVESTORSFREE TRADEGDPGNPGNP PER CAPITAGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT REGULATIONSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTGROWTH PERFORMANCEGROWTH RATESHEALTH CAREHOUSEHOLD DATAIMPORTSINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROUPSINCOME LEVELSINTERNATIONAL LEVELSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR SUPPLYLIQUIDITYLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLONG-TERM DEVELOPMENTLOW INCOMEMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMACROECONOMICSMANUFACTURING SECTORMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIESMONETARY POLICYNATIONAL BUDGET PROCESSNATURAL RESOURCESNUTRITIONOILOUTPUT PER CAPITAPOLICY CHOICESPOLICY RESPONSEPOPULATION GROWTHPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIORITY AREASPRIVATE CONSUMPTIONPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRODUCERSPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPROTECTIONISMPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCEPUBLIC SERVICESPURCHASING POWERPURCHASING POWER PARITYREAL GNPREAL WAGESRECURRENT EXPENDITURESRESEARCH INSTITUTERURAL AREASSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSERVICE DELIVERYSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL OUTCOMESSOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SERVICESSUSTAINABILITY ANALYSISSYSTEMATIC EVALUATIONTARIFF BARRIERSTASK TEAM LEADERTAX REFORMTAX REVENUETAX REVENUESTAX SYSTEMTAXATIONTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTRADE BARRIERSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE TAXESTRANSPARENCYUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESWAGES ECONOMIC GROWTHEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESTRADE LIBERALIZATIONMACROECONOMIC STABILITYTARIFFSGLOBAL INTEGRATIONTRADE BARRIERSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONLABOR MARKETSPUBLIC EXPENDITURESBALANCE OF PAYMENTSINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTSPRIVATIZATIONBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUDGET PROCESSCIVIL SERVICEUNEMPLOYMENTUNDEREMPLOYMENTWAGESSOCIAL SAFETY NETSEDUCATION SECTORHEALTHPOVERTY REDUCTIONECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTEgypt : Social and Structural ReviewWorld Bank10.1596/15535