World Bank2014-06-102014-06-102009-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18612In January 2008, the Turkish Government requested the World Bank to jointly undertake an assessment of its National Innovation System (NIS) in order to help guide its ongoing efforts to deepen the role of innovation in the Turkish economy. This report identifies the recent progress and key ongoing challenges facing Turkey's NIS and draws on international experience to outline potential issues for further analysis. The next section provides an overview of the institutional structure, policy framework and main programs of Turkey's NIS and identifies issues in three main areas that hinder innovation performance: the intellectual property right (IPR) regime, collaboration between the research and enterprise sectors, and innovation finance. The third section uses available information (aggregate and firm-level data and a set of 20 case studies) to provide a review of the innovation and technology performance of the enterprise sector in Turkey and preliminarily address its possible determinants. Areas for further potential study and analysis are identified based on the key findings in each section.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTACADEMIC RESEARCHACCESS TO CREDITACTION PLANADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITYALLOCATION OF FUNDSANGEL INVESTORSAPPLIED RESEARCHARTISTIC WORKSBANKSBUSINESS ANGELBUSINESS ANGELSBUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICESBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS PLANNINGBUSINESS SECTORBUSINESS SECTORSBUSINESSESBUYERCAPABILITIESCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL FUNDSCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCAPITAL MARKETSCAREERCITIESCOLLABORATIONCOLLABORATIVE PROJECTSCOMMERCECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMPARATOR COUNTRIESCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPONENTSCONSULTING SERVICESCOPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHTSCURRENT ACCOUNTCUSTOMSDIASPORADIGITALE BUSINESSE DEVELOPMENTE GOVERNMENTECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIES OF SCALEELECTRONICSEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESENGINEERINGENGINEERSENROLLMENTENTERPRISE SECTORENTERPRISE SECTORSENTERPRISE SURVEYENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIESENTREPRENEURSENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAININGEQUIPMENTEQUITY INVESTMENTSEXPATRIATESEXPENDITURESFACULTIESFEDERAL AGENCIESFINANCIAL BURDENSFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN TRADEFRAMEWORK FOR INNOVATIONFUND MANAGEMENTGLOBAL KNOWLEDGEHIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCHHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RESOURCEHUMAN RESOURCESICTIMPLEMENTING AGENCIESINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESINNOVATIONINNOVATION FINANCEINNOVATION POLICYINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINSTITUTIONAL INVESTORSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSINTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICEINTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICESINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSINTERNATIONAL LAWSINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSINVENTIONSINVENTORYINVESTMENT DECISIONSIPJOINT VENTURESKNOWLEDGE CREATIONKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE SHARINGLABOR MARKETLACK OF KNOWLEDGELEARNINGLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKLEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKSLEGISLATIVE REFORMSLIMITED ACCESSMANUFACTURINGMARKET RESEARCHMARKETINGMETROLOGYMONITORSMULTINATIONALNATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMSNETWORKSNEW COMPANIESONLINE SERVICESPENETRATION RATEPENSION FUNDSPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTUREPIRACYPOLICY FORMULATIONPOLICY FRAMEWORKPRIVATE EQUITYPRIVATE INVESTORSPRIVATE SAVINGSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTORSPRIVATE UNIVERSITIESPRODUCTIVITYPROGRAMSPROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYPROTOTYPEPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONSPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC UNIVERSITIESQUALITY OF SERVICESR&DREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRESEARCH CENTERSRESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURERESEARCH INSTITUTERESEARCH INSTITUTESRESEARCH INSTITUTIONSRESEARCH RESULTSRESEARCH SECTORRESEARCHERSRESULTRESULTSREVOLVING FUNDSANSAVINGSSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYSCIENTIFIC COMMUNITYSCIENTISTSSEARCHSEARCH SYSTEMSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSMALL BUSINESSSOCIAL SECURITYSOFT LOANSSOFTWARE INDUSTRYSTART-UPSTART-UP CAPITALSTART-UPSSTATE UNIVERSITIESTARGETSTAX EXEMPTIONSTAX INCENTIVESTAX RELIEFTECHNICAL SKILLSTECHNICAL SUPPORTTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGY DIFFUSIONTECHNOLOGY LICENSINGTECHNOLOGY SUPPORTTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTELECOMMUNICATIONTERTIARY EDUCATIONTRAINING ACTIVITIESTRAINING PROGRAMSTRANSACTIONTRANSLATIONUNDERDEVELOPMENTUNIONUNIVERSITIESUNIVERSITY SYSTEMSUSESVENTURE CAPITALVENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTVENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTSVOCATIONAL TRAININGWEBWORKERS10.1596/18612