Zaidi, RidaKlapper, Leora2012-06-062012-06-062005https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7326There has been renewed focus on financial systems, especially in the light of recent literature that documents a positive and robust relationship between development of financial systems and economic growth. Irrespective of how financial development is measured, there is a clear causal relationship with per capita income. King and Levine (1993) was the first paper that examined economic growth for a dataset that spans from 1960-1989 and found predictive power of financial systems in growth. Another richer dataset from 1960-1995 reinforces the existing relationship between finance and growth, while taking into account the issue of reverse causality (Levine, Loayza and Beck 2000). The idea of reverse causality is that it is also possible that economic growth may encourage development of financial systems and these results may reflect reverse feedback rather than any effect of finance on growth. The authors use the recent discovery that systems with English common law tend to have deeper financial systems, to employ legal origins as an effective instrument. Their results rule out the thesis that the relationship between finance and growth is driven by reverse causality. The policy prescription the authors provide is that developing countries should not attempt to engineer credit expansion and financial system development. Instead they should create an environment conducive for participation of individuals in the market system, for financial system to deliver services effectively and functions most required by an economy are provided by finance (World Bank 2001). Any policies where government actively seeks to influence financial market outcomes are likely to have adverse effects. The ensuing discussion in this report highlights the pervasive negative influence of the government in finance, in most emerging economies. It underscores and points out cases of efficiently performing financial systems in countries where government has limited its involvement to developing a sound business environment.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING STANDARDSALLOCATION OF CAPITALALLOCATION OF RESOURCESAUTHORITYAVERAGE LEVELBANK LENDINGBANK REGULATIONBANKING INDUSTRYBANKING SECTORBANKING SERVICESBANKRUPTCYBANKRUPTCY LAWSBANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGSBORROWINGBORROWING CONSTRAINTSBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCAPITAL MARKETSCAPITALIZATIONCITIZENSCIVIL LAWCOMMON LAWCOMPETITIVE MARKETSCONSTITUENCIESCONSTITUTIONCONSUMER PROTECTIONCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCORPORATE GOVERNANCECORPORATE SCANDALSCORRUPTIONCOST OF CAPITALDEBTDEBT STRUCTUREDEPOSIT INSURANCEDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT BANKSDISCLOSUREDISTRESSED BANKSDISTRIBUTION OF INCOMEECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMICSEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPIRICAL STUDIESENACTMENTENFORCEMENT OF LAWEQUITY MARKETSEXPLOITATIONFACTORINGFINANCIAL ASSETSFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL REFORMFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SYSTEMFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFISCALFOREIGN BANKSFOREIGN DEBTFOREIGN INVESTORSFOREIGN OWNERSHIPGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENTGOVERNANCE REFORMGOVERNANCE REFORMSGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME INEQUALITYINEQUALITYINFLATIONINFORMATION ASYMMETRIESINSOLVENCYINSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTSINSTITUTIONAL INVESTORSINSURANCEINSURANCE INDUSTRYINTANGIBLE ASSETSINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDSINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSINVESTMENT CLIMATEJUDICIARYLAWSLEGAL INSTITUTIONLEGAL INSTITUTIONSLEGAL ORIGINSLEGAL PROTECTIONLEGAL REFORMLEGAL SYSTEMLEGALITYLEGISLATIVE CHANGESLEGISLATIVE REFORMLENDING INSTITUTIONSLOWER HOUSEMARKET POWERMARKET VALUEMICROFINANCEMIGRATIONMONETARY ECONOMICSMUTUAL FUNDSNATIONAL INCOMEPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOVERTY LINEPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTIVITYPROPERTY RIGHTSPRUDENTIAL REGULATIONSPUBLIC INFORMATIONRATING AGENCIESREVERSE CAUSALITYRISK MANAGEMENTRULE OF LAWSAVINGSSECURITIZATIONSHORT-TERM DEBTSTOCK EXCHANGESSTOCK MARKETSSYSTEMIC BANKING CRISESTAX AUTHORITIESTAXATIONTRADE SHOCKSTRANSPARENCYVOTINGWorld Bank10.1596/7326