Limaye, DilipMeyer, Anke2014-04-162014-04-162014https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17823The Government of Macedonia (GOM) plans to launch a National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings (NPEEPB, or "the program") to achieve energy efficiency (EE) improvements in the buildings sector and meet the strategic targets outlined in the energy development strategy of the Republic of Macedonia until 2030, the EE strategy until 2020, and the national EE action plan in 2010-18. The NPEEPB, coordinated by the Ministry of Economy (MOE), aims to retrofit existing public buildings and to lead by example in the implementation of EE measures. Its targets are public buildings that are used for administrative and other activities of public interest and that are fully owned by government institutions or municipalities. This report focuses on the financing mechanisms that are considered the best fit with the institutional environment to achieve the goals of the NPEEPB, and describes in detail the implementation of the proposed financing mechanisms: a full-service EE fund, a dedicated EE credit line, and a municipal EE improvement program implemented within the government. The national EE target is a 9 percent savings in final energy consumption by 2018, compared to average energy consumption in 2002-06. The NPEEPB target for energy savings in public buildings is 13.6 thousand tons of oil equivalents (ktoe) 2 per year, which is about 56 percent of the national EE target for the commercial and service sector.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING SYSTEMSADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERSAPPROACHAUDITINGAUDITSAUTONOMYAVAILABILITYBALANCEBANK ACCOUNTBANK ACCOUNTSBANK FINANCINGBANKING SECTORBIASESBLOCK GRANTSBOILERBOILERSBORROWERBORROWINGBUDGETINGBUILDING ENERGY USECAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITALIZATIONCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON FINANCECLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATE CHANGECOLLATERALCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTSCOLLATERALSCOLLECTION SERVICESCOMMERCIAL BANKCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMERCIAL CREDITCOMMERCIAL DEBTCOMMERCIAL LOANSCOMPETITIVE BIDDINGCOST OF ENERGYCREDIT GUARANTEECREDIT LINECREDIT LINESCREDIT PROBLEMSCREDIT RISKCREDIT RISKSCREDITSCREDITWORTHINESSDEBTDEBT FINANCINGDEBT SERVICEDECENTRALIZATIONDECENTRALIZATION PROCESSDEPOSITDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT BANKSDIRECT FINANCINGDISTRICT HEATINGDISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMDONOR FUNDSEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTEIBELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY SAVINGSELIGIBILITY CRITERIAELIGIBLE BORROWERSEMISSIONEMISSIONSEMPLOYMENTENERGY BILLSENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY COST SAVINGSENERGY COSTSENERGY DEMANDENERGY DEVELOPMENTENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY PRICESENERGY PRICINGENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SUPPLYENERGY USEENVIRONMENTALEQUIPMENTEVALUATION CRITERIAEXTERNAL FINANCINGFACILITATIONFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL DATAFINANCIAL EXPERTISEFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL MEANSFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCING COSTSFINANCING NEEDSFINANCING SOURCESFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONFLEXIBLE FINANCINGFLOW OF FUNDSFUELFUELSFUND MANAGEMENTFUND MANAGERFUNDING SOURCESFUNDS FLOWGOVERNMENT BUDGETGOVERNMENT GRANTSGREENHOUSE GASHEATHEATING ENERGYHEATING SYSTEMSHIGH INTEREST RATESHOT WATERHOT WATER SUPPLYHOUSINGIMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIESINCENTIVES TO SAVEINCOME TAXINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINITIAL FUNDINGINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIESINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTRUMENTINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL BANKSINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSINVESTMENT BANKINVESTMENT CAPITALINVESTMENT FUNDSINVESTMENT GRANTSINVESTMENT PLANKILOWATT-HOURKILOWATT-HOURSLACK OF AWARENESSLACK OF INFORMATIONLACK OF KNOWLEDGELAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGISLATIONLENDERLENDERSLIENLIMITED ACCESSLIMITED BORROWING CAPACITYLOANLOAN APPRAISALSLOAN FINANCINGLOAN GUARANTEESLOAN PRODUCTLOCAL BANKLOCAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSMARKET DEVELOPMENTMARKET INTEREST RATESMARKET POWERMATURITIESMUNICIPAL BONDSMUNICIPAL CREDITMUNICIPALITIESOILOIL EQUIVALENTOPERATING COSTSOPERATIONAL COSTSOUTREACHPARTIAL CREDITPAYBACK PERIODPAYMENT DEFAULTSPEER REVIEWPIPELINEPORTFOLIOPORTFOLIO MANAGEMENTPOTENTIAL INVESTMENTPOWERPRESENT VALUEPRIMARY ENERGYPRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTIONPRIVATE BANKSPRIVATE SECTOR BANKSPROMOTION OF INVESTMENTSPROPERTY TAXPUBLIC AGENCIESPUBLIC BUDGETSPUBLIC CREDITPUBLIC FACILITIESPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTSRENEWABLE RESOURCESREPAYMENTREPAYMENT GUARANTEEREPAYMENTSRETIREMENTREVOLVING FUNDRISK MANAGEMENTSOCIAL SERVICESSTREAMSSUBORDINATED DEBTSUPERVISORY BOARDSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTAX PAYMENTSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETHERMAL ENERGYTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSMISSION SYSTEMTRANSPORTTREATYUNEMPLOYMENTUNIONUTILITY BILLSUTILIZATION OF ENERGY10.1596/17823