World Bank2012-08-132012-08-132003-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11318The public sector of most developing countries is often the target of numerous criticisms - lack of or no infrastructure, absenteeism of service providers like teachers and doctors, poor quality of services, corruption, non-transparency, favoritism, discrimination, etc. While several of these criticisms are usually attributed to lack of resources and the conflict between the needs of equity and those of efficiency, research has shown in general that the correlation between increased public expenditure and actual outcomes or improvements in service delivery is weak. This gap between spending and development outcomes reflects more serious deficiencies of 'voice' and 'accountability' for citizens in general, and the poor in particular. The need for making services work for poor people is therefore immense, and has provided the theme for the World Bank's World Development Report (WDR) for 2004.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMSADVOCACYALLOCATION OF RESOURCESAVAILABLE DATABENEFICIARIESBUDGET ALLOCATIONBUDGET ANALYSISBUDGET EXPENDITURE TRACKINGBUDGET FORMULATIONBUDGET PROJECTBUREAUCRATCAPACITY BUILDINGCASE STUDIESCASE STUDYCITIZENCITIZEN GROUPSCITIZEN REPORT CARDCITIZEN VOICECITIZENSCIVIC ENGAGEMENTCIVIC ENGAGEMENT TEAMCIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONSCONSULTATIONCORRUPT PRACTICESCORRUPTIONDECENTRALIZATIONDECISION MAKINGDEMOCRACYDEMOCRATIC RIGHTSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT NETWORKDIRECT IMPACTDISCRIMINATIONECONOMIC MANAGEMENTELECTED REPRESENTATIVESFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNMENT POLICIESHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTINCENTIVE STRUCTURESLEGAL CHANGESLEGISLATIONLOCAL LEVELMOBILIZATIONMUNICIPALITYNATIONAL LEVELOUTREACHPARLIAMENTPARTICIPATORY APPROACHESPARTICIPATORY BUDGETPARTICIPATORY BUDGETINGPARTICIPATORY MONITORINGPARTICIPATORY PERFORMANCE MONITORINGPARTICIPATORY PROCESSPARTICIPATORY PROCESSESPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL COMPETITIONPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR PEOPLEPOVERTY GROUPPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESPROGRESSIVE PARTIESPUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITYPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENTPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC INVOLVEMENTPUBLIC OFFICIALSPUBLIC OPINIONPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERYPUBLIC SERVICESRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE ALLOCATIONSSCALE ECONOMIESSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE DELIVERY CHAINSERVICE PROVIDERSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSTATE INSTITUTIONSSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTAX COLLECTIONTECHNICAL CAPACITYTRANSPARENCYVULNERABLE GROUPS POOR PEOPLEPUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENTPUBLIC SECTORINFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC SERVICESCORRUPTION IN BUSINESSFAVORITISM IN MANAGING STAFFDISCRIMINATIONINEQUALITY OF TREATMENTSERVICE DELIVERYACCOUNTABILITYRESOURCE ALLOCATIONSPOLICY MAKING PROCESSESBUDGET FORMULATIONPERFORMANCE MONITORINGWorld Bank10.1596/11318