Cuesta, JoseKabaso, PamelaSuarez-Becerra, Pablo2012-04-272012-04-272012-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6054This paper analyzes the distributional effect of public spending in Zambia using the most recent data from the 2010 Living Conditions Monitoring Survey. The analysis focuses on both the "traditional" social sectors, such as education and public healthcare, as well as other spending areas less thoroughly studied, such as agricultural support programs. Ultimately, this benefit incidence analysis addresses the extent to which spending is pro-poor and progressive; that is, it primarily benefits the poor and does so at an increasing rate as welfare levels decrease. The results indicate that overall public education spending in Zambia is neither pro-poor nor progressive, but while this is true for the system as a whole it is not true for all of its parts. The net unitary benefits of primary and secondary education are clearly both pro-poor and progressive. However, their progressivity is ultimately outweighed by the extreme concentration of tertiary education benefits among the wealthiest members of Zambian society. Health spending is also regressive and not pro-poor. Although unitary net benefits are slightly progressive, unequal access remains the key constraint. In contrast, the benefits of agricultural-input subsidy programs follow a somewhat progressive pattern (for each beneficiary in the top quintile there are almost two beneficiaries in the poorest quintile) but clearly suffer from targeting problems. Consequently, without better-designed and more conscientiously implemented targeting mechanisms, public spending on health, education, and fertilizers will not be able to further the government's larger objectives for pro-poor and progressive development policy.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESSIBILITYAGEDAGGREGATE EXPENDITUREAGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONALLOCATIONANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESSANNUAL BUDGETBASIC EDUCATIONBENEFICIARIESBENEFIT -INCIDENCE ANALYSISBENEFIT INCIDENCE ANALYSISBENEFIT-INCIDENCE ANALYSISBENEFITS OF PUBLIC SPENDINGBUDGET ALLOCATIONSBULLETINCASH TRANSFERSCHILD HEALTHCLINICSCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOOPCOOPERATIVESCOOPSCREDIT PROGRAMDATA REQUIREMENTSDEMAND FOR SERVICESDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISABILITYDISABLEDDISASTERSDIVERSIFICATIONDRUGSEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATION ACCESSEDUCATION BUDGETEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATION SERVICESEDUCATION SPENDINGEDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL LEVELELDERLYENROLLMENTEQUITABLE ACCESSEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURE DATAFARMERFARMERSFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL REPORTSFISCAL CAPACITYFISCAL COSTFISCAL DISCIPLINEFISCAL POLICIESFISCAL POLICYGOVERNMENT EXPENDITUREGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT SPENDINGHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE SPENDINGHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH INFORMATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SPENDINGHEALTH-SECTORHEALTHCARE PROVIDERSHIVHOSPITALHOSPITAL SERVICESHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPACITYHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMMUNIZATIONINCOME CATEGORYINCOME GROUPSINCOME INEQUALITYINEQUALITYINFLATIONINTENSIVE INDUSTRIESINTERNATIONAL BANKLEVELS OF PUBLIC SPENDINGLIFE EXPECTANCYLIMITED ACCESSLIVE BIRTHSLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL AUTHORITIESMACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTMACROECONOMIC POLICIESMARKETINGMATERNAL MORTALITYMATERNAL MORTALITY RATEMATERNAL MORTALITY RATESMEDICAL SUPPLIESMEDICINESMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF FINANCEMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORTALITYMORTALITY RATEMOTHERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNATIONAL PLANNINGNATURAL DISASTERSNEWBORNNURSINGORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREORPHANSOUTREACHPATIENTPATIENTSPENSIONSPERFORMANCE REVIEWPOLICY ANALYSISPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOVERTY REDUCTIONPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMENPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY EDUCATION EXPENDITURESPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIMARY HEALTH SERVICESPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE PROVIDERSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATIZATIONPROGRAMSPROGRESSPROVINCIAL HOSPITALSPROVINCIAL LEVELPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC FACILITIESPUBLIC FACILITYPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH CAREPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICESPUBLIC HEALTHCAREPUBLIC HOSPITALSPUBLIC INSTITUTIONPUBLIC INSTITUTIONSPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC PROVISIONPUBLIC PROVISION OF EDUCATIONPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC SPENDING PATTERNSPUBLIC SUBSIDIESPUBLIC WELFAREQUALITY EDUCATIONREPAYMENTREVENUE SOURCESRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL FEESSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECTOR EXPENDITURESERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE PROVISIONSMALL FARMERSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL INDICATORSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL WELFARESOCIOECONOMIC FACTORSSUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTTAX COLLECTIONTAX REVENUESTERTIARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY LEVELTOTAL EXPENDITURETOTAL EXPENDITURESTOTAL SPENDINGTUITIONUNEQUAL ACCESSUNIONUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONURBAN AREASUSER FEESVICTIMSVOUCHERSVULNERABLE CHILDRENVULNERABLE GROUPSWELFARE BENEFITSWELFARE LEVELWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6052