Sawada, NaotakaZhang, Jian2012-12-072012-12-072012-07https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11951This study examines the major constraints of rural business entry and performance in Yemen. The Yemen rural investment climate survey made it possible to analyze rural investment climate constraints for rural businesses. The survey was used to investigate both farm and nonfarm rural enterprises. The rural investment climate was assessed using a combination of subjective impressions related by rural entrepreneurs, and a more objective, empirical set of analyses that employed indicators to rank the constraints to "doing business" in the areas surveyed. These empirical analyses included application of the entry model, the performance model, the closure model, and the migration model. The migration model was introduced to identify how the rural investment climate variables at the community level increase migration and economic activities. Based on the assessment of the rural investment climate, this paper identifies and explains four critical areas in which the rural investment climate in Yemen can be improved: market demand, access to markets, access to finance, and the provision of business services. Because farm and nonfarm businesses often experience common or similar constraints, the climate in which they operate can often be improved with the same measures and policies. Addressing the constraints that affect rural women entrepreneurs in particular, who play a vital role in rural nonfarm enterprises, warrants clear priority as a means to generate income and employment. Security and labor issues are identified as the key such constraints that disproportionately affect women.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS ROADSACCESS TO FINANCEACCESS TO MARKETACCESS TO MARKETSACCIDENTSACCOUNTINGAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSAGRICULTURAL EXTENSIONAGRICULTURAL INCOMEANNUAL INTEREST RATEAPRBANK ACCOUNTBANK ACCOUNTSBANKSBORROWINGBRIDGEBRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONBUSINESS CLIMATESBUSINESS ENTRYBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS MANAGEMENTBUSINESS OPERATIONBUSINESS OPERATIONSBUSINESS PROMOTIONBUSINESS SERVICEBUSINESS SERVICESBUSINESS TRANSACTIONSCALCULATIONCELL PHONECELL PHONESCOLLATERALCOMMODITYCOMMUNITY SURVEYCOMPUTERSCONGESTIONCONSUMERCONSUMER DEMANDCONSUMERSCONTRIBUTIONCORRUPTIONCOST OF TRANSPORTATIONCREDIT GUARANTEECUSTOMSDELIVERY SERVICEDELIVERY SERVICESDEVELOPMENT BANKDIVERSIFICATIONECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTECONOMIC MULTIPLIER EFFECTSECONOMIC REFORMECONOMIES OF SCALEEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELECTRICITYEMPLOYEEEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPOWERMENTENTERPRISE GROWTHENTERPRISE SURVEYENTERPRISE SURVEYSENTREPRENEURENTREPRENEURSENTRY BARRIERSEXTENSION SERVICESEXTERNAL SHOCKSFARM ENTERPRISEFARM ENTERPRISESFARMERSFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSFINANCE ACCESSFINANCIAL ACCESSFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL LITERACYFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL POLICIESFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SERVICEFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCING % OF ENTERPRISESFISCAL DEFICITFOOD PROCESSINGFOOD SECURITYFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFUELGENDERGENDER DIFFERENCEGENDER INEQUALITYGENDER ISSUEGOVERNMENT CONTRACTGOVERNMENT REVENUEGUARANTEE SCHEMESHIGH INTEREST RATESHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD HEADSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN RESOURCEHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTIMPORT LICENSEINCOME INEQUALITYINEQUALITYINFORMAL FINANCINGINFORMATION ACCESSINFORMATION ON MARKETSINFORMATION ON PRODUCTINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONINNOVATIONSINSTALLMENTSINSURANCEINTEREST RATEINTERNATIONAL BANKINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENTINVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENTSLABOR MARKETLACK OF ACCESSLAND OWNERSHIPLEGAL SYSTEMLICENSELICENSESLIMITED ACCESSLIMITED ACCESS TO FINANCELINE OF CREDITLOANLOAN APPLICATIONSMANAGEMENT SERVICEMANAGEMENT SERVICESMANUFACTURINGMARKET ACCESSMARKET COMPETITIONMARKET DEMANDMARKET INFORMATIONMARKET OPPORTUNITIESMARKET OPPORTUNITYMARKETINGMATERIALMIGRANT WORKERSMOBILE PHONEMODE OF TRANSPORTMONETARY POLICYMONEY TRANSFERNATURAL RESOURCEOPEN ACCESSPHONEPHYSICAL CAPITALPILOT PROJECTSPOORPOOR ACCESSPOOR INFRASTRUCTUREPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTORSPRODUCTIVITYPROFITABILITYPROMOTION ACTIVITIESPROMOTION OF WOMENQUESTIONNAIRESRECENT LOANREINVESTMENTRESULTRESULTSREVENUE MODELROADROADSRURALRURAL AREASRURAL BUSINESSRURAL BUSINESSESRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL ENTERPRISESRURAL ENTREPRENEURSRURAL FARMRURAL INCOMERURAL INCOME GENERATIONRURAL INVESTMENTRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYRURAL POVERTY LINERURAL POVERTY REDUCTIONRURAL SETTINGSRURAL WOMENSAFETYSAFETY NETSSALESSALES GROWTHSMALL BUSINESSSMALL ENTERPRISESMALL ENTERPRISESSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUNDSOURCE OF INCOMESOURCES OF INCOMESTART-UPSTART-UP CAPITALTAXTAX RATETAX RATESTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL SUPPORTTELECOMMUNICATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONETELEPHONE SERVICESTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION FEESTRANSPORTTRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORTATIONURBAN AREASURBAN POPULATIONUSESWAGEWAGESWEALTHWEBWOMANWOMEN ENTREPRENEURSWORKING CAPITALWORLD MARKETSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6128