de Brauw, AlanGiles, John2012-05-252012-05-252008-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6415This paper investigates how reductions of barriers to migration affect the decision of middle school graduates to attend high school in rural China. Change in the cost of migration is identified using exogenous variation across counties in the timing of national identity card distribution, which made it easier for rural migrants to register as temporary residents in urban destinations. The analysis first shows that timing of identification card distribution is unrelated to local rainfall shocks affecting migration decisions, and that timing is not related to proxies reflecting time-varying changes in village policy or administrative capacity. The findings show a robust negative relationship between migrant opportunity and high school enrollment. The mechanisms behind the negative relationship are suggested by observed increases in subsequent local and migrant non-agricultural employment of high school age young adults as the size of the current village migrant network increases.CC BY 3.0 IGOADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITYADMINISTRATIVE COSTSAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL SECTORSAGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENTAVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTAVERAGE ENROLLMENTBASIC EDUCATIONBORROWINGBULLETINCAPITAL ACCUMULATIONCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL RETURNSCAPITAL STOCKSCHILD LABORCITIZENSHIPCOLLEGE EDUCATIONCOLLEGESCOMPULSORY EDUCATIONCONSTRAINTS ON ACCESSCOST OF EDUCATIONCREDIT CONSTRAINTCREDIT CONSTRAINTSCREDIT MARKETCULTURAL CHANGEDEMAND FOR EDUCATIONEARLY EDUCATIONEARNINGSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC REFORMECONOMIC REFORMSECONOMIC TRANSITIONECONOMICS OF EDUCATIONEDUCATED CHILDRENEDUCATION ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDEDUCATIONAL DISPARITIESEDUCATIONAL INVESTMENTSEDUCATIONAL SUBSIDIESEDUCATIONAL SYSTEMELEMENTARY SCHOOLEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESENDOWMENTSENROLLMENTENROLLMENT GROWTHENROLLMENT OF CHILDRENENROLLMENT RATESEXPENDITURESEXTENDED FAMILYFAMILIESFAMILY BUSINESSESFAMILY INCOMEFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY PREFERENCESFARMERSFEMALE MIGRANTSFERTILITYFINANCIAL REFORMFINANCIAL SUPPORTFORMAL SCHOOLINGGENDERGENDER GAPSGENDER STRATIFICATIONGREEN REVOLUTIONHEALTH CAREHEALTH INSURANCEHIGH SCHOOLHIGH SCHOOL EDUCATIONHIGH SCHOOLSHIGHER ENROLLMENTHIGHER ENROLLMENT RATESHIGHER INCOMESHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATIONHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMESIMPACT OF MIGRATIONINCOME INEQUALITYINEQUALITYINFORMAL CREDITINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINVESTMENT DECISIONINVESTMENT DECISIONSINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONLABOR FORCELABOR FORCESLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLABOUR MARKETLABOUR MARKETSLAND TENURELEARNINGLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLITERATURELIVING STANDARDSLOAN PROGRAMLOAN PROGRAMSLOCAL ECONOMYLOCAL LABOR MARKETLONG-TERM MIGRANTMAJORITY OF CHILDRENMARKET DEVELOPMENTMIDDLE SCHOOLMIDDLE SCHOOL EDUCATIONMIGRANTMIGRANT POPULATIONMIGRANT REMITTANCESMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMOTHERNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF MIGRANTSOLDER CHILDRENPACIFIC REGIONPAPERSPHYSICAL ASSETSPHYSICAL CAPITALPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENTPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION DECLINESPOST-SECONDARY EDUCATIONPOTENTIAL MIGRANTSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLSPROFITABILITYPROGRESSPROPERTY RIGHTPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONPUSH FACTORRECEIPTREGISTRATION SYSTEMRESEARCH GRANTSRESEARCHERSRESIDENCE STATUSRESPECTRETURNS TO EDUCATIONRURAL AREASRURAL COUNTIESRURAL RESIDENTSRURAL STUDENTSSAVINGSSCHOLARSSCHOOL AGESCHOOL AGE CHILDRENSCHOOL COMPLETIONSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL GRADUATESCHOOL GRADUATESSCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL TUITIONSCHOOLINGSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY ENROLLMENTSHORT-TERM MIGRANTSSOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL NETWORKSOCIAL NETWORKSSOCIAL SCIENCESSOURCE OF INFORMATIONSPOUSESTATE UNIVERSITYSTUDENT LOANSTUDENT LOAN PROGRAMSTUDENT LOAN PROGRAMSTECHNICAL TRAININGTEENTEENAGERSTERTIARY EDUCATIONTEST SCORESTRAINING PROGRAMSTUITIONTUITION COSTSTUITIONSUNIVERSITIESUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONURBAN AREAURBAN AREASURBAN MIGRATIONVILLAGEVILLAGE LEADERSVILLAGE LEVELVILLAGESWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWORK EXPERIENCEWORKERSWORKFORCEYOUNG ADULTSYOUTHWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4526