Purnamasari, RirinNguyen, Trang2012-03-192012-03-192011-03-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3358This paper aims to investigate empirically how international migration and remittances in Indonesia, particularly female migration, affect child outcomes and labor supply behavior in sending households. The authors analyze the Indonesia Family Life Survey data set and apply an instrumental variable estimation method, using historical migration networks as instruments for migration and remittance receipts. The study finds that, in Indonesia, the impacts of international migration on sending households are likely to vary depending on the gender of the migrants. On average, migration reduces the working hours of remaining household members, but this effect is not observed in households with female migrants. At the same time, female migration and their remittances tend to reduce child labor. The estimated impacts of migration and remittances on school enrollment are not statistically significant, but this result is interesting in that the directions of the effects can be opposite when the migrant is male or femaleCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SCHOOLSBABYCHILD CARECHILD LABORCOMMUNITIESCONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATIONCOST OF MIGRATIONCULTURAL CHANGEDEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEFFECTS OF MIGRATIONEFFECTS OF REMITTANCESELDERLYEMPIRICAL ANALYSISFACT SHEETFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFEMALEFEMALE MIGRANT WORKERSFEMALE MIGRANTSFEMALE WORKERSFEMALESFEWER HOUSEHOLDSGENDERGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER DIMENSIONGENDER DIMENSIONSGENDER FOCUSGENDER ROLESGIRLSHIGH SCHOOL EDUCATIONHOME OWNERSHIPHOUSEHOLD ASSETSHOUSEHOLD BUDGETHOUSEHOLD COMPOSITIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMPACT OF MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF WOMENINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICYINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONJOB OPPORTUNITIESLABOR EXPORTING COUNTRIESLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MIGRATIONLABOR MOBILITYLABOR SUPPLYLAND OWNERSHIPLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLITERACYLOCAL DEVELOPMENTLOSSES FROM MIGRATIONMARITAL STATUSMARRIED MENMIGRANTMIGRANT CHARACTERISTICSMIGRANT FLOWSMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDSMIGRANT LABORMIGRANT RECIPIENT COUNTRIESMIGRANT STOCKMIGRANT WOMENMIGRANT WORKERSMIGRANTSMIGRATION STATUSMOTHERNATIONAL POPULATIONNEW COMMUNITIESNUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTSOCCUPATIONPARTICIPATION OF WOMENPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOPULATION RESEARCHPOWERPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSRELIGIONREMITTANCEREMITTANCESRESPECTRURAL AREARURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDSSCHOOL AGESCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL-AGE CHILDRENSEXSLUMSLUM AREASLUMSSOCIETYSPOUSESPOUSESTEMPORARY MIGRATIONTRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGEURBAN AREAURBAN AREASUSE PER CAPITAVILLAGE LEVELVULNERABILITYWAGE EARNERSWOMANWORKING POPULATIONYOUNG CHILDRENWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5591