Newman, ConstanceCanagarajah, Sudharshan2015-02-132015-02-132000-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21457The authors provide evidence that women's non-farm activities help reduce poverty in two economically and culturally different countries, Ghana and Uganda. In both countries rural poverty rates were lowest - and fell most rapidly - for female heads of household engaged in non-farm activities. Participation in non-farm activities increased more rapidly for women, especially married women and female heads of household, than for men. Women were more likely than men to combine agriculture and non-farm activities. In Ghana it was non-farm activities (for which income data are available ) that provided the highest average incomes and the highest shares of income. Bivariate profit analysis of participation shows that in Uganda female heads of household and in Ghana women in general are significantly more likely than men to participate in non-farm activities and less likely to participate in agriculture.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOagricultural outputagricultural productionagriculturecommoditiesconsumption datacropscultural practicesdata collectiondependency ratiodependent variabledeveloping countriesdevelopment networkdivision of laboreconometric estimateseconomic activityeconomicsemploymentexchange ratesfamiliesfarm activitiesfarmersfemale headed-householdsfemale-headed householdsgenderhousehold headhousehold incomehousehold levelhousehold sizehousehold surveyhousehold surveyshuman capitalhuman developmentincomesindividual levelinformal sectorlabor marketlivestockliving standardsliving standards measurementmean incomenational povertynational poverty linepolicypolicy implicationspolicy makerspolicy researchpovertypoverty analysispoverty levelspoverty linepoverty linespoverty measurementpoverty reductionpoverty researchpoverty trendsprimary schoolreducing povertyresearch reportrural areasrural developmentrural economyrural employmentrural householdsrural populationrural povertyrural residentssocial developmentsocial protectiontextilesurban areasurban povertywage incomewoodworkersnonfarm incomefemale headed householdsmarried womenhousehold surveysgender analysisrural employmentpoverty statisticseducational levelmarket access10.1596/1813-9450-2367