Ranganathan, RupaFoster, Vivien2012-03-192012-03-192011-10-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3610Sound infrastructure is critical for growth in East Africa. During 1995-2005, improvements in infrastructure boosted growth by one percentage point per year, due largely to wider access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). Although power infrastructure sapped growth in other regions of Africa, it contributed 0.2 percentage points per year growth in East Africa. If East Africa's infrastructure could be improved to the level of the strongest performing country in Africa (Mauritius), regional growth performance would be boosted by some six percentage points, with power making the strongest contribution. East Africa's infrastructure ranks behind that of southern and western Africa across a range of indicators, though in terms of access to improved sources of water and sanitation and Internet density, it is comparable with or superior to the subcontinent s leader, southern Africa. By contrast, density of fixed-line telephones, power generation capacity, and access to electricity remain extremely low, though utility performance is improving through regional power trades. The road network is relatively good, although with some lengths of poor-quality or unpaved roads. Surface transport is challenged by border crossings, port delays, slow travel, limited railways, and trade logistics, but the region has a relatively mature and competitive trucking industry. Air transport benefits from a strong hub-and-spoke structure but has made little progress toward market liberalization. Of the seven countries in the region, four are landlocked, two have populations of fewer than 10 million people, and two have an annual gross domestic product of less than $10 billion. The difficult economic geography of East Africa makes a regional approach to infrastructure development necessary to achieve further improvement.CC BY 3.0 IGOADMINISTRATIVE COSTSAGGLOMERATIONAIRAIR CARGOAIR CARGO TRAFFICAIR CARRIERAIR FLEETAIR FREIGHTAIR SAFETYAIR SERVICEAIR SERVICESAIR TRAFFICAIR TRANSPORTAIR TRANSPORT MARKETAIR TRAVELAIRCRAFTAIRLINEAIRLINESAIRPORTAIRPORTSAIRWAYSARTERIESAVIATION POLICYBERTHBERTHSBORDER CROSSINGSBOTTLENECKSBULK CARGOCABLECABOTAGECAPITAL COSTSCARBON EMISSIONSCARGO CAPACITYCARGO CARRIERSCARGO HANDLINGCARGO HANDLING CHARGECARGO SERVICESCARGO SPACECARGO TRAFFICCARRIAGECARRIERSCIVIL AVIATIONCOMMODITIESCOMPETITIVE TRUCKING INDUSTRYCONCESSIONCONCESSION ARRANGEMENTSCONGESTIONCONSTRUCTIONCONTAINER CARGOCONTAINER HANDLINGCONTAINER SHIPSCONTAINER TRAFFICCONTAINER VESSELSCONTAINERSCONTAINERS PER HOURCORRIDORCOST OF POWERCOST OF TRANSPORTCOST RECOVERYCOST RECOVERY RATIOCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCOSTS OF POWERCROSSINGCUSTOMSCUSTOMS CLEARANCEDEMAND FOR POWERDEMURRAGEDEREGULATIONDIRECT FLIGHTSECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTUREECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIES OF SCALEEDGEELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONEMISSIONSENERGY COSTSEXCLUSIVE RIGHTSEXPORTFIXED COSTSFLEET MODERNIZATIONFLIGHTFOREIGN AIRLINESFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTORSFORWARDINGFREIGHTFREIGHT FLEETFREIGHT FORWARDERSFREIGHT MOVEMENTFREIGHT MOVEMENTSFREIGHT RATESFREIGHT SERVICESFREIGHT TARIFFSFREIGHT TRAFFICFREIGHTERSFUELFUEL SURCHARGEGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGOVERNMENT REGULATIONSGROWTH FORECASTSGROWTH IN TRAFFICGROWTH RATESHANDLINGHEAVY TRAFFICHEAVY TRUCKSHIGH TRANSPORTHIGHWAYHUBIMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD MAINTENANCEINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FUNDINGINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINFRASTRUCTURESINTERNATIONAL AIRPORTINTERNATIONAL STANDARDINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTINTERNATIONAL TRAVELJOINT VENTURESLAND TRANSPORTLANDLOCKED COUNTRIESLANDLOCKED COUNTRYLOCOMOTIVEMARGINAL COSTSMARKET CONDITIONSMILEAGEMODE OF TRANSPORTNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURENATIONAL RAILWAYOPEN ACCESSPASSENGERPASSENGER AIRCRAFTPASSENGER TRAFFICPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPOLICEPORT ACCESSPORT CONGESTIONPORT INFRASTRUCTUREPORT OF ENTRYPOWERPOWER NETWORKRADARRAILRAIL CORRIDORSRAIL INFRASTRUCTURERAIL LINESRAIL NETWORKSRAIL SERVICESRAIL SYSTEMSRAIL TRAFFICRAIL TRANSPORTRAILWAYRAILWAY LINERAILWAY LINESRAILWAY NETWORKRAILWAY NETWORKSRAILWAY SYSTEMRAILWAYSRANGEREGIONAL AIR TRANSPORTREGIONAL AIRPORTSREGIONAL HUBREGIONAL HUBSREGIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREREGIONAL NETWORKREGIONAL RAIL NETWORKREGIONAL SAFETY OVERSIGHTRIMRIVERROADROAD CORRIDORSROAD FREIGHT SERVICESROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD LINKSROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD QUALITYROAD TRANSPORTROADSROLLING STOCKROUTEROUTESRUNWAYSSAFETYSAFETY OVERSIGHTSAFETY STANDARDSSANITATIONSHIPMENTSSHIPPINGSHIPPING LINESSQUARESURFACE TRANSPORTTERMINALTERMINALSTOLLTOLL ROADTOLL ROAD CONCESSIONSTRADE LOGISTICSTRAFFICTRAFFIC DENSITYTRAFFIC FLOWSTRAFFIC PATTERNSTRAFFIC SURVEILLANCETRAFFIC VOLUMESTRAINSTRANSITTRANSIT CORRIDORSTRANSIT TIMESTRANSPORT CAPACITYTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT OF GOODSTRANSPORT RAILWAYSTRANSPORT RATESTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION RATESTRANSSHIPMENTTRAVEL TIMESTRIPTRUCK PROCESSINGTRUCKING COMPANIESTRUCKSTRUEUTILITIESVEHICLESWAITING TIMEWAREHOUSEWAREHOUSINGWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTWHOLESALE MARKETSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5844