Mogaka, HezronGichere, SamuelDavis, RichardHirji, Rafik2012-06-072012-06-072006978-0-8213-6517-5https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7414This report attempts to fill that gap for two of the most important water-related issues facing the effects of climate variability and the steady degradation of the nation's water resources. The study reported here concluded that the El Niño-La Niña episode from 1997-2000 cost the country Ksh 290 billion (about 14 percent of GDP during that period). During El Niño-induced floods, this cost primarily arises from destruction of infrastructure such as roads, water supply infrastructure, and pipe networks. The largest costs incurred during the La Niña droughts (1998-2000) were from loss of industrial production and other costs arising from reduced hydropower generation, as well as from crop and livestock losses. These costs are felt throughout Kenyan society.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSTRACTION POINTSADEQUATE WATERADEQUATE WATER RESOURCESADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITYAGGREGATE DEMANDAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAQUIFERSAVAILABILITY OF WATERAVAILABLEAVAILABLE WATERAVAILABLE WATER RESOURCESBASIN DEVELOPMENTBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYBOREHOLESCALVINGCATCHMENT AREACATCHMENT AREASCATCHMENT MANAGEMENTCLIMATE CHANGESCLIMATE VARIABILITYCOASTAL BEACHESCONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITYCONSTRUCTIONCROP PRODUCTIONCUBIC METERSDISCHARGEDISPOSAL OF WASTEWATERDISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALLDOMESTIC WATERDOMESTIC WATER SUPPLYDROUGHTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC VALUEELECTRICITY GENERATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL GOODSENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTEROSIONFISHFISHERIESFLOOD DAMAGEFOOD SECURITYFORESTRYFRESHWATER RESOURCESFRESHWATER SUPPLYGNPGRAZINGGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENTGROUNDWATER RESOURCESGROUNDWATER TABLEHIGH WATERHOUSEHOLDSINCOMEINDUSTRIAL GROWTHINDUSTRIAL WATERINVESTMENT PLANNINGINVESTMENT PROGRAMLAKESLAND USELIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONMANAGEMENT OF WATERNATIONAL WATER POLICYNATIONAL WATER RESOURCESNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCE BASENATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCESNUTRIENTSOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYPERMITSPIPELINEPOLLUTIONPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH RATEPOVERTY LINEPROGRAMSPUMPINGQUALITY WATERRAINFALL VARIABILITYREGIONAL DEVELOPMENTRIPARIANRIPARIAN OWNERSRIVER BASINRIVER BASINSRIVER WATERRIVERSSAFE WATERSAFE YIELDSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SYSTEMSSANITATION WATERSEAWATERSEDIMENTSSEMI-ARID LANDSSEWAGE TREATMENTSOIL CONSERVATIONSTORAGE CAPACITYSURFACE WATERSURFACE WATER RESOURCESSUSTAINABLE WATERSUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLYTREATIESURBAN AREASURBAN WATERWATERWATER ABSTRACTIONWATER ALLOCATIONWATER CONSERVATIONWATER DEMANDWATER DEVELOPMENTWATER LEVELWATER MANAGEMENTWATER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIESWATER NEEDSWATER PARTNERSHIPWATER POLICYWATER QUALITYWATER REPLENISHMENTWATER RESOURCEWATER RESOURCE INFRASTRUCTUREWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTWATER RESOURCESWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTWATER SCARCITYWATER SECTORWATER STORAGEWATER SUPPLIESWATER SUPPLYWATER SYSTEMSWATER TABLEWATER TESTINGWATER TREATMENTWATER USAGEWATER USEWATER USERWATER USERSWELLSWILDLIFE SERVICEWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-6517-5