Anderson, KymMartin, Will2017-09-072017-09-072008-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28187This chapter begins with a brief summary of economic growth and structural changes in the region since the 1950s and of agricultural and other economic policies as they affected agriculture before and after the various reforms, and in several cases fundamental regime changes, of the past half-century. It then summarizes new estimates of the nominal rate of assistance (NRA) and the relative rate of assistance (RRA) to farmers delivered by national farm and nonfarm policies over the past several decades (depending on data availability), and of those policies' impacts on consumer prices of farm products. Both farmer assistance and consumer taxation is negative in periods where there is an anti-agricultural, pro-urban consumer bias in a country's policy regime. The final sections summarize what the author have learned and draw out implications of the findings, including for poverty and inequality and for possible future directions of policies affecting agricultural incentives in this part of Asia.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL POLICIESAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTURAL PRICEAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTUREBALANCE SHEETSBEEFCASSAVACOCOACOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGESCOMPETITIVENESSCONSUMER PRICECONSUMER PRICESCONSUMERSCROP PRODUCTSCROPSCURRENCYDATA AVAILABILITYDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPING ECONOMIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDOLLAR VALUEDOLLAR VALUESDOMESTIC ECONOMYDOMESTIC MARKETSDOMESTIC PRICESECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC REFORMSEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESEXPORTSFARM POLICIESFARMERSFARMSFINANCIAL CRISISFOOD EXPORTFOOD IMPORTSFOOD MARKETSFOOD POLICIESFOOD POLICYFOOD POLICY RESEARCHFOOD PRICESFOOD PRODUCTFOOD PRODUCTSFOOD STAPLESFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETFREE MARKETSFRUITSGDPGDP DEFLATORGDP PER CAPITAGINI COEFFICIENTGLOBAL EXPORTSGLOBAL MARKETGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONGRAINSGROSS VALUEIFPRIINCOMEINDUSTRIALIZATIONINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINTERNATIONAL MARKETINTERNATIONAL TRADEITCLAISSEZ FAIRELDCSLEGAL CONSTRAINTSLIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK PRODUCTSLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMAIZEMARKET ECONOMIESMARKETPLACEMERCHANDISEMERCHANDISE EXPORTSMERCHANDISE TRADEMULTILATERAL TRADENET EXPORTSOPEN ECONOMYOUTPUTOUTPUTSPALM OILPER CAPITA INCOMEPER CAPITA INCOMESPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPRICE COMPARISONPRICE COMPARISONSPRICE DISTORTIONSPRICE POLICIESPRICING POLICYPRODUCER PRICEPRODUCER PRICESPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPUBLIC GOODR&DRAPID GROWTHREAL GDPREFORM PROGRAMSREGIME CHANGESRETAILRICERUBBERRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL INFRASTRUCTURESKILLED WORKERSSOYBEANSPREADSTAPLE FOODSSUGARTAXTAXATIONTEATEXTILESTHIN MARKETTRADE BARRIERSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE NEGOTIATIONSTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE TAXESTRANSITION ECONOMIESURUGUAY ROUNDVOLATILITYWHEATWOODWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORSWORLD ECONOMYWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/28187