World Bank2013-08-282013-08-282002-01-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15447This povert y update finds the following: Between 1997 and 2000, poverty has increased unambiguously, for a full set of poverty lines and definitions of poverty measures. Poverty has increased because over the period, consumption fell and inequality rose. Living standards have not risen despite growth in Gross Domestic Product because growth was too weak, too concentrated in a narrow set of sectors, and there were no effective mechanisms to redistribute its benefits. The 1998-99 crisis hit those who were benefiting from the period of growth--the self-employed and private sector workers. But the worse impact of the crisis was on the most vulnerable, and particularly on children. the depth and severity of poverty have increased, and the most socially vulnerable have become poorer and more deprived. it is not clear what the government did to prevent the worsening of poverty; on the one hand, the government created adequate foundations for a market economy, enabling private sector growth, and on the other hand, the government did very litle to help the poor directly and in some key respects the situation was made worse by allowing the accumulation of arrears on pensions, salaries for teachers, and other social expenditures. The report further examines why government performance in implementing anti-poverty measures was inadequate; the signs that the situation is changing; key challenges for poverty reduction; and identifies priorities the government must address.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOPOVERTY UPDATESHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSLAND OWNERSHIPENTREPRENEURSHIPINFORMAL SECTOREXTENDED FAMILYCHILD WELFAREECONOMIC SHOCKSGOVERNMENT POLICYPOVERTY INCIDENCECHRONIC POVERTYTRANSIENT POVERTYGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTREDISTRIBUTIONINEQUITYMACROECONOMIC SHOCKSGENDER ISSUESVULNERABILITYACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCESS TO EDUCATIONPOVERTY PROFILELABOR MARKETSREGIONAL POVERTYQUALITY OF EDUCATIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSPENSION SYSTEMSEMPOWERMENTPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY MONITORINGMULTIVARIATE ANALYSISPOVERTY SEVERITYHOUSEHOLD INCOMECIVIL SOCIETYNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ABSOLUTE POVERTYAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONANNUAL INCOMEAVERAGE CONSUMPTIONBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCASH INCOMECHRONIC POVERTYCIVIL SOCIETYCLIMATECOMMUNITY LEVELCONSUMPTION PATTERNSCPICURRENCY UNITDROUGHTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC SHOCKSECONOMIES OF SCALEEDUCATIONENHANCING PARTICIPATIONETHNIC DIVERSITYEXCHANGE RATEFAMILIESFARMSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFOOD COMPONENTFORMAL ECONOMYGROWTH RATEHEALTHHEALTH CAREHEALTH SERVICESHOUSEHOLD DATAHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINEQUALITYINFLATIONINFORMAL NETWORKSINFORMAL SECTORINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSINTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINESLABOR MARKETLAND REDISTRIBUTIONLAND REFORMLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLONG TERMMACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORKMACROECONOMIC INSTABILITYMACROECONOMIC POLICIESMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMALNUTRITIONMARKET ECONOMYMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMORBIDITYMORTALITYMULTIVARIATE ANALYSISNATIONAL POVERTYNUTRITIONPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPOOR CHILDRENPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY HEADCOUNTPOVERTY IMPACTPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY MONITORINGPOVERTY PROFILEPOVERTY PROJECTIONSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPOVERTY RISKPOVERTY RISKSPOVERTY STRATEGYPRIVATE CONSUMPTIONPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR WORKERSPRIVATE TRANSFERSPRODUCERSPRODUCTIVITYPUBLIC ACTIONPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC TRANSFERSPURCHASING POWERPURCHASING POWER PARITYREAL TERMSREDUCING POVERTYREFUGEESREPRESENTATIVE SAMPLEREPRESENTATIVE SURVEYRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL POPULATIONSAFETYSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSAVINGSSCREENINGSECTOR EMPLOYMENTSECTORAL COMPOSITIONSHORT TERMSINGLE PARENTSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL EXPENDITURESSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SERVICESSTRUCTURAL REFORMSTRUCTURAL REFORMSSURVEY HOUSEHOLDSTARGETINGTASK TEAM LEADERTAX REVENUETAXATIONTEAM MEMBERSTRANSFER PROGRAMSTRANSIENT POVERTYTRANSITION ECONOMIESUNDERSTANDING POVERTYUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN RESIDENTSVANDALISMWAGESWARWELFARE AGGREGATEWORKING POORWorld Bank10.1596/15447